This publication is dedicated to all the aspects involved in the endoscopic diagnosis of terminal ileum. The most experienced endoscopists, gastroenterologists and pathologists will focus on and discuss the principles of diagnosis and treatment of the main pathologies involved in this district. The technique of ileoscopy with all the newest advances in endoscopic imaging will be discussed. Another chapter will be dedicated to the possible flow chart of diagnosis of the principles diseases after ileoscopy, from capsule endoscopy to double balloon ileoscopy. A final session will be completely aimed at presenting clinical cases of relevant interest.