貓抓病是一種亞急性、自限性（self-limited）人畜共通傳染病，由Bartonella henselae藉由跳蚤傳播給貓，再經由貓抓或咬傷傳染給人。

病理特徵是granulomatous ...微生物學-貓抓病-高點醫護網歷屆考題高分詳解免費考前重點下載歷屆考題線上測驗考取學員心得分享小龍醫師館線上試聽課程全省服務據點看更多熱門資訊後西醫後中醫後獸醫私醫聯招/轉學考護理二技/醫研所護理師醫師國考醫檢師營養師物理治療師放射師食品技師國外醫師學歷甄試美國護理師公職護理師公職醫檢師衛生技術衛生行政篇名微生物學-貓抓病重要考點貓抓病是一種亞急性、自限性（self-limited）人畜共通傳染病，由Bartonellahenselae藉由跳蚤傳播給貓，再經由貓抓或咬傷傳染給人。

病理特徵是granulomatousinflammationwithstellatenecrosis形成。

說明前言台灣在1998年首次有貓抓病報導，之後每年約有15~30個病例被證實。

衛生署疾病管制局表示，2010年感染「貓抓病」的病例比前2年高出一倍多，創下近5年新高，其發生率是百萬分之一；在美國，每年都有超過2萬起貓抓病的病例，發生率約十萬分之四。

那到底什麼是貓抓病？介紹貓抓病最早在1889年被發現，是一種亞急性、自限性（self-limited）人畜共通傳染病，致病菌是一種稱作韓瑟勒.巴東氏菌（Bartonellahenselae）立克次氏體感染所造成。

Bartonella會經由跳蚤傳播給貓，跳蚤吸了貓的血後，再排出含有Bartonella的糞便；跳蚤的糞便中含有大量Bartonella，當貓咪在為自己梳理的時受到此種細菌的汙染，再經由貓抓或咬傷傳染給人。

目前為止，沒有證據顯示攜帶有Bartonella的跳蚤叮咬到人後會導致人發生貓抓病，而人與人之間也不會互相感染。

病理變化大體：局部淋巴結腫大，大多位在頸部與腋下，皮膚傷口部位可產生發炎腫脹。

顯微鏡下：淋巴結結核樣肉芽腫形成，中央壞死中性粒性白血球聚集，後期出現肉芽腫併發小膿腫之特徵性病變(granulomatousinflammationwithstellatenecrosis)。

膿腫位於中央，外周類上皮細胞增生呈柵欄狀排列，一般無朗漢巨噬細胞(Langerhanscell)。

臨床表現疾病以小孩及年輕人多見，通常在貓抓、咬傷後3到10天傷口皮膚會產生腫脹、膿皰，整個人出現倦怠、持續發燒、頭痛、肌肉疼痛以及食慾不振等類似流感症狀，2週後會引起淋巴結腫大疼痛，通常見於腋下、頸部以及鎖骨處，直徑1~5cm。

疾病通常在3週至數月內消退，也可自己痊癒（self-limited），除非免疫功能異常，則可能導致敗血症、視神經受損或視網膜血管炎、腦炎、癲癇樣抽搐或進行性昏迷(腦病型貓抓病)、肝脾腫大(肝脾型貓抓病)、骨髓炎、心內膜炎、上皮血管瘤等。

另外，Bartonella的其他種的細菌可以導致貓、犬以及野生犬科動物得病。

診斷目前診斷是根據曾經被貓抓或被貓咬的病史以及臨床症狀來決定。

確診有賴於在發病期3~4週內用Warthin-Starrystain染色可看到Bartonella或血清抗體檢驗的結果。

對於Bartonella有效的檢測有幾種，包括：血液培養：在未投藥前採取血樣檢體，分離出病原體，這是最可靠的檢測方法，但是由於病菌間斷地出現於血液中，造成診斷上的困難，需要重複幾次試驗。

聚合酶鏈式反應(PCR)：是一項靈敏的DNA檢測法，可檢測出樣品中是否存在BartonellaDNA。

有時需重複檢測，其較血液培養更快速地得到結果。

酶免疫測定法(EIA)：檢測Bartonella之Ab。

間接免疫螢光抗體測定(IndirectImmunofluorescenceAssay，IFA)：檢測Bartonella之IgGAb，當Ab力價呈64倍以上升高則為陽性。

蛋白質斑跡法(WesternBlot)：檢測Bartonella之Ab。

治療　　由於Bartonella是間歇地在貓咪的血流之中，造成檢測上的困難，所以在治療上也發生一定上的難題，一般並不推薦應用常規的抗生素來預防和治療此病。

有時，人們以為病原菌已被清除乾淨，但在隨後的檢測中又會檢測到Bartonella的存在。

目前為止還沒有一種抗生素可以完全清除這種病原菌，當有症狀時，Azithromyci

Cat scratch disease (CSD), also called cat scratch fever, is a bacterial infection caused by Bartonella henselae, which is generally spread to people through cat​ ...SkiptoContentCatScratchDisease(Bartonellahenselae)-MinnesotaDept.ofHealthCatScratchDiseaseCatScratchDiseaseHomeAboutCatScratchDiseaseReportingCatScratchDisease[anerroroccurredwhileprocessingthisdirective]CatScratchDisease(Bartonellahenselae)Catscratchdisease(CSD),alsocalledcatscratchfever,isabacterialinfectioncausedbyBartonellahenselae,whichisgenerallyspreadtopeoplethroughcatbitesorscratches.Mosthealthypeopledonotdevelopanysymptoms,andthosewithamildinfectionusuallygetbetterwithoutanytreatment.AboutCatScratchDiseaseCSDfactsincludinghowthediseaseisspread,commonsymptoms,diagnosis,treatment,andpreventioninformation.ReportingCatScratchDisease(InfectionCausedbyBartonellaspp.)HealthcareprovidersandclinicallaboratoriesarerequiredtoreportcasestotheMinnesotaDepartmentofHealth. ShareThisSpotlightSaferFarmAnimalContactExhibits(SaferFACEs)TheSaferFarmAnimalContactExhibits(SaferFACEs)trainingprogramcanhelpyouunderstandtherisksofillnessandinjuryfromfarmanimals,andhowtoprotectyourvisitors.CompletethisfreeonlinetrainingandtheMinnesotaDepartmentofHealthwillprovidecertificationthatyourvenuehaslearnedabouttheseissues.ReptilesandAmphibians:SalmonellaSomereptilesandamphibianscanmakecoolpets,buttheycanalsobeasourceofillness.Reptiles(e.g.,Iguanas,turtles,snakes)andamphibians(e.g.,frogsandtoads)carrySalmonella.MakeHandwashingaHealthyHabitThoroughhandwashingcanhelppreventdisease.FoodSafetyforSummertimeThenumberofpeoplewhogetsickfromfoodpoisoninggoesupinthesummer.Besureyouandyourfamilyaren'tamongthem.WaterborneIllnessWaterborneillnessiscausedbyrecreationalordrinkingwatercontaminatedbydisease-causingmicrobesorpathogens.Ofnote,manywaterbornepathogenscanalsobeacquiredbyconsumingcontaminatedfoodorbeverages,fromcontactwithanimalsortheirenvironment,orthroughperson-to-personspread.There'sNoSuchThingas"StomachFlu"(PDF)Complaintsof"stomac

Bartonella bacteria cause several diseases in humans. The three most common are cat scratch disease, caused by B. henselae; trench fever, caused by B.SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkBartonellaInfection(CatScratchDisease,TrenchFever,andCarrión’sDisease)SectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateSymptomsMinusRelatedPagesEnlargedlymphnoderesultingfromcatscratchdisease.UsedwithpermissionofNEJM.Catscratchdisease(CSD),BartonellahenselaeLow-gradefeverEnlarged,tenderlymphnodesthatdevelop1–3weeksafterexposureApapuleorpustuleatthesiteofthescratchRarely,eyeinfections,severemusclepain,orencephalitis(swellingofthebrain)mayoccur.Trenchfever,BartonellaquintanaFever(mayoccuronceorrepeatedly)HeadacheRashBonepain,mainlyintheshins,neck,andbackCarrión’sdisease,BartonellabacilliformisVerrugaperuana,mularform.UsedwithpermissionofNEJM.Thisdiseasehastwodistinctphases:Oroyafever:Duringthisphase,fever,headache,muscleaches,abdominalpain,andsevereanemiamayoccur.Verrugaperuana(Peruvianwarts):Duringthislaterphase,growthsformundertheskinanddevelopintored-to-purplevascularsoresthatcanbecomeraworbleed.OthercomplicationsBacillaryangiomatosisBacillaryangiomatosis(causedbyB.henselaeorB.quintana)andbacillarypeliosis(causedbyB.henselae)occurprimarilyinpeoplewithweakenedimmunesystems,suchasthosewithadvancedHIVinfection.Bacillaryangiomatosismayresultinlesionsintheskin,undertheskin,inbone,orinotherorgans.Bacillarypeliosiscausessoresintheliverandspleen.Bacillaryangiomatosis.UsedwithpermissionofNEJM.SubacuteendocarditisManyBartonellaspeciescancauseinfectionoftheheartvalves(subacuteendocarditis),whichisoftenculturenegative.Pagelastreviewed:March5,2019Contentsource:CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,NationalCenterforEmergingandZoonoticInfectiousDiseases(NCEZID),DivisionofVector-BorneDiseases(DVBD)homeBartonellaHomePreventionSymptomsCliniciansTransmissionVeterinariansCatScratchDiseaseFAQsBartonellaTestingFAQsResourcesFacebookTwitterLinkedInSASstatsExitNotif

Bartonella henselae is a fastidious gram-negative bacterium usually causing self limiting infections in immunocompetent individuals but often causes potentially ...NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutJournalListIndianJMedResv.137(2);2013FebPMC3657863IndianJMedRes.2013Feb;137(2):380–387.PMCID:PMC3657863PMID:23563383Strategyforidentification&characterizationofBartonellahenselaewithconventional&molecularmethodsKavitaDiddi,RamaChaudhry,NidhiSharma,andBenuDhawanKavitaDiddiDepartmentofMicrobiology,AllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciences,NewDelhi,IndiaFindarticlesbyKavitaDiddiRamaChaudhryDepartmentofMicrobiology,AllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciences,NewDelhi,IndiaFindarticlesbyRamaChaudhryNidhiSharmaDepartmentofMicrobiology,AllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciences,NewDelhi,IndiaFindarticlesbyNidhiSharmaBenuDhawanDepartmentofMicrobiology,AllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciences,NewDelhi,IndiaFindarticlesbyBenuDhawanAuthorinformationArticlenotesCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimerDepartmentofMicrobiology,AllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciences,NewDelhi,IndiaReprintrequests:DrRamaChaudhry,Professor,DepartmentofMicrobiology,AllIndiaInstituteofMedicalSciencesAnsariNagar,NewDelhi110029,Indiae-mail:moc.liamg@hcamarrdReceived2011Mar28Copyright:©TheIndianJournalofMedicalResearchThisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution-Noncommercial-ShareAlike3.0Unported,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.ThisarticlehasbeencitedbyotherarticlesinPMC.Background&objectives:Bartonellahenselaeisafastidiousgram-negativebacteriumusuallycausingselflimitinginfectionsinimmunocompetentindividualsbutoftencausespotentiallylifethreateninginfection,suchasbacillaryangiomatosisinimmunocompromisedpatients.Bothdiagnosisofinfectionsandresearchintomolecularmechanismsofpathogenesishavebeenhinderedbylackofappropriateandreliablediagnostictechniques.Weundertookthisstudytostan

Bartonella bacteria cause several diseases in humans. The three most common are cat scratch disease, caused by B. henselae; trench fever, caused by B.SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkBartonellaInfection(CatScratchDisease,TrenchFever,andCarrión’sDisease)SectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateHomeMinusRelatedPagesBartonellabacteriacauseseveraldiseasesinhumans.Themostcommoniscatscratchdisease.LearnmorepeopleiconPreventionlabiconTransmissionmedicaliconSymptomsmedicaliconForHealthCareProvidersquestioniconCatScratchDiseaseFAQslabiconBartonellaTestingFAQsanimaliconForVeterinariansbookiconResourcesSymptomsInfectedsiteofscratch...TransmissionCatscarryfleas...CliniciansFreeCMEforrecognizingatypicalmanifestationsofcatscratchdisease…Pagelastreviewed:June24,2020Contentsource:CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,NationalCenterforEmergingandZoonoticInfectiousDiseases(NCEZID),DivisionofVector-BorneDiseases(DVBD)homeBartonellaHomePreventionSymptomsCliniciansTransmissionVeterinariansCatScratchDiseaseFAQsBartonellaTestingFAQsResourcesFacebookTwitterLinkedInSASstatsExitNotification/DisclaimerPolicyCloseLinkswiththisiconindicatethatyouareleavingtheCDCwebsite.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)cannotattesttotheaccuracyofanon-federalwebsite.Linkingtoanon-federalwebsitedoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyCDCoranyofitsemployeesofthesponsorsortheinformationandproductspresentedonthewebsite.Youwillbesubjecttothedestinationwebsite'sprivacypolicywhenyoufollowthelink.CDCisnotresponsibleforSection508compliance(accessibility)onotherfederalorprivatewebsite.FormoreinformationonCDC'swebnotificationpolicies,seeWebsiteDisclaimers.CancelContinue

Bartonella henselae, formerly Rochalimæa, is a proteobacterium that is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (bartonellosis). B. henselae is a member of ...BartonellahenselaeFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchSpeciesofbacteriumBartonellahenselaeScientificclassificationDomain:BacteriaPhylum:ProteobacteriaClass:AlphaproteobacteriaOrder:HyphomicrobialesFamily:BartonellaceaeGenus:BartonellaSpecies:B. henselaeBinomialnameBartonellahenselae(Regneryetal.1992)SynonymsRochalimæa[citationneeded]Bartonellahenselae,formerlyRochalimæa,isaproteobacteriumthatisthecausativeagentofcat-scratchdisease[1](bartonellosis).B.henselaeisamemberofthegenusBartonella,oneofthemostcommontypesofbacteriaintheworld.Itisafacultativeintracellularmicrobethattargetsredbloodcells.Onestudyshoweditinvadedthematurebloodcellsofhumans.[2]Itinfectsthehostcellbystickingtoitusingtrimericautotransporteradhesins.[3]IntheUnitedStates,about22,000peoplearediagnosed,mostundertheageof20.Mostoften,itistransmittedfromkittens.[4]Contents1Diagnosis2Symptoms3Treatment4Seealso5References6ExternallinksDiagnosis[edit]B.henselaeisaGram-negativerod.[5][6]Itcanbeculturedinalysis-centrifugationbloodculture.[7]ThepresenceofbacteriacanbedetectedbyWarthin-Starrystain,orbyasimilarsilverstaintechniqueperformedoninfectedtissue.ThespecificnamehenselaehonorsDianeMarieHensel(b.1953),aclinicalmicrobiologytechnologistatUniversityofOklahomaHealthSciencesCenter,whocollectednumerousstrainsandsamplesoftheinfectiveagentduringanoutbreakinOklahomain1985.[8]Symptoms[edit]B.henselaeinfectioncanappearupto10daysafterexposuretothemicrobe.Symptomsstartwithapapuleatthesitethemicrobeentered,followedbylymphadenopathy,usuallyintheaxillarynode.Halfofpatientsalsogetaches,nausea,abdominalpain,andmalaise.[9]Manyothercomplicationscanarisefromthisinfectionbeyondthetypicalfever,lymphadenopathy,andgeneralmalaise.Immunocompromisedpeopleorpatientswhoalreadyhaveotherconditionsareatgreaterriskforfurthercomplications.Somecaseshavebeenfound