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1. Brucellosis

Brucellosis is a bacterial infection that spreads from animals to people. Most commonly, people are infected by eating raw or unpasteurized ...Scheduleyourappointmentnowforsafein-personcare.Learnmore:MayoClinicfactsaboutcoronavirusdisease2019(COVID-19)Our COVID-19patient andvisitorguidelines,plustrustedhealthinformationLateston COVID-19vaccination bysite:ArizonapatientvaccinationupdatesArizona,FloridapatientvaccinationupdatesFlorida,RochesterpatientvaccinationupdatesRochesterandMayoClinicHealthSystempatientvaccinationupdatesMCHSSkiptositenavigationSkiptoContentThiscontentdoesnothaveanEnglishversion.ThiscontentdoesnothaveanArabicversion.SectionsforBrucellosisSymptoms&causesDiagnosis&treatmentPrintOverviewBrucellosisisabacterialinfectionthatspreadsfromanimalstopeople.Mostcommonly,peopleareinfectedbyeatingraworunpasteurizeddairyproducts.Sometimes,thebacteriathatcausebrucellosiscanspreadthroughtheairorthroughdirectcontactwithinfectedanimals.Signsandsymptomsofbrucellosismayincludefever,jointpainandfatigue.Theinfectioncanusuallybetreatedwithantibiotics.However,treatmenttakesseveralweekstomonths,andtheinfectioncanrecur.Brucellosisaffectshundredsofthousandsofpeopleandanimalsworldwide.Avoidingrawdairyproductsandtakingprecautionswhenworkingwithanimalsorinalaboratorycanhelppreventbrucellosis.Products&ServicesBook:MayoClinicFamilyHealthBook,5thEditionNewsletter:MayoClinicHealthLetter—DigitalEditionShowmoreproductsfromMayoClinicSymptomsSymptomsofbrucellosismayshowupanytimefromafewdaystoafewmonthsafteryou'vebeeninfected.Signsandsymptomsaresimilartothoseofthefluandinclude:FeverChillsLossofappetiteSweatsWeaknessFatigueJoint,muscleandbackpainHeadacheBrucellosissymptomsmaydisappearforweeksormonthsandthenreturn.Somepeoplehavechronicbrucellosisandexperiencesymptomsforyears,evenaftertreatment.Long-termsignsandsymptomsmayincludefatigue,recurrentfevers,arthritis,inflammationoftheheart(endocarditis)andspondylitis—aninflammatoryarthritisthataffectsthespineandnearbyjoints.WhentoseeadoctorBru



2. Brucellosis

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonosis caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected animals, or close contact with their secretions. It is also known as undulant fever, Malta fever, and Mediterranean fever.BrucellosisFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchHumanandanimaldiseaseThisarticleincludesalistofgeneralreferences,butitremainslargelyunverifiedbecauseitlackssufficientcorrespondinginlinecitations.Pleasehelptoimprovethisarticlebyintroducingmoreprecisecitations.(September2020)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage)BrucellosisOthernamesundulantfever,undulatingfever,Mediterraneanfever,Maltafever,Cyprusfever,rockfever(Micrococcusmelitensis)[1]SpecialtyInfectiousdiseaseSymptomscoughingBrucellosis[2][3]isahighlycontagiouszoonosiscausedbyingestionofunpasteurizedmilkorundercookedmeatfrominfectedanimals,orclosecontactwiththeirsecretions.[4]Itisalsoknownasundulantfever,Maltafever,andMediterraneanfever.[5]Brucellaspeciesaresmall,Gram-negative,nonmotile,nonspore-forming,rod-shaped(coccobacilli)bacteria.Theyfunctionasfacultativeintracellularparasites,causingchronicdisease,whichusuallypersistsforlife.Fourspeciesinfecthumans:B.abortus,B.canis,B.melitensis,andB.suis.B.abortusislessvirulentthanB.melitensisandisprimarilyadiseaseofcattle.B.canisaffectsdogs.B.melitensisisthemostvirulentandinvasivespecies;itusuallyinfectsgoatsandoccasionallysheep.B.suisisofintermediatevirulenceandchieflyinfectspigs.Symptomsincludeprofusesweatingandjointandmusclepain.Brucellosishasbeenrecognizedinanimalsandhumanssincetheearly20thcentury.Contents1Signsandsymptoms2Cause3Diagnosis4Prevention5Treatment6Prognosis7Epidemiology7.1Argentina7.2Australia7.3Canada7.4China7.5Europe7.5.1Malta7.5.2RepublicofIreland7.5.3UK7.6NewZealand7.7UnitedStates8History8.1Biologicalwarfare9Otheranimals9.1Cattle9.2Dogs9.3Aquaticwildlife9.4Terrestrialwildlife9.5Effectsonhunters10Seealso11References12Furtherreading13ExternallinksSignsandsymptoms[edit]Thissectiondoesnotc



3. Brucellosis Fact Sheet

SkiptoContentBrucellosisFactSheet-MinnesotaDept.ofHealthBioterrorismBioterrorismHomeBioterrorismDiseasesBioterrorismForHealthProfessionalsRelatedTopicsIllnessAcquiredFromAnimalsInfectiousDiseaseReportingInfectionControlHighConsequenceInfectiousDisease(HCID)BrucellosisOnthispage:Whatisbrucellosis?Howdopeoplegetbrucellosis?Canyougetitfromotherpeople?Canbrucellosisbetreated?Canbrucellosisbeprevented?Whyisbrucellosisconsideredapossibleterrorweapon?WhatshouldIdoifIthinkImayhavebrucellosis?DownloadPDFversionformattedforprint:Brucellosis-English(PDF)Amharic(PDF)Arabic(PDF)Hmong(PDF)Khmer(PDF)Laotian(PDF)Oromo(PDF)Russian(PDF)Serbo-Croatian(PDF)Somali(PDF)Spanish(PDF)Vietnamese(PDF)Whatisbrucellosis?Brucellosisisadisease,causedbybacteria,whichaffectsmanydifferentkindsofanimals–includingsheep,goats,cattle,deer,elk,pigs,anddogs.However,itcanalsocauseadiseasewithflu-likesymptomsinhumans.Peoplewithbrucellosismaydevelopfever,sweats,headaches,backpains,andphysicalweakness.Inseverecases,thecentralnervoussystemandtheliningoftheheartmaybeaffected.Oneformoftheillnessmayalsocauselong-lastingsymptoms,includingrecurrentfevers,jointpain,andfatigue.Symptomscanappearanywherefromfiveto60daysafterexposure.Humancasesofbrucellosisareuncommon,withonly100to200casesayearreportedintheU.S.Althoughbrucellosiscanmakeyouverysick,itisrarelyfatal.Howdopeoplegetbrucellosis?Peoplecanbeinfectedwithbrucellosisbacteriabyeatingordrinkingsomethingthat’sbeencontaminatedwiththebacteriainhalingthebacteriahavingawoundthatgetsinfectedwiththebacteriaThemostcommonwaythatpeoplegetthediseaseisbydrinkingoreatingunpasteurized,contaminatedmilkorcheese.Youcanalsogetitbybreathinginthebacteria.Thathappenslessoften,butitcanbeahazardforpeopleinsomekindsofjobs–peoplewhoworkinlabsorslaughterhouses,forexample.Infectedwoundscanbeaproblemforveterinarians,slaughterhouseworkers,orhunters.Hunterscangetitbyeatingfoodthattheyhaveaccidentallycontaminatedwithbrucellosisbacteria,whilecleaningwildgame.Itwouldalsobepossibletodeliberatelyexpo



4. Brucellosis: Symptoms and Treatment

NewsReferenceSlideshowsQuizzesVideosQuestions&AnswersWebMDRxSavingsCardCoronavirus(COVID-19)CBDOilKetoDietHepatitisCDiabetesWarningSignsRheumatoidArthritisMorning-AfterPillBreastCancerScreeningPsoriaticArthritisSymptomsHeartFailureMultipleMyelomaTypesofCrohn'sDiseaseAtoZGuidesReferenceReviewedbyJenniferRobinson, MDonDecember16,2020InthisArticleWhatCausesBrucellosis?CanIGetBrucellosisFromMyDog?WhatAretheRiskFactorsforBrucellosis?WhatAretheSymptomsofBrucellosis?HowIsBrucellosisDiagnosed?HowIsBrucellosisTreated?WhatAretheComplicationsofBrucellosis?HowCanIPreventBrucellosis?BrucellosisisaninfectiousdiseasecausedbyatypeofbacteriacalledBrucella.Thebacteriacanspreadfromanimalstohumans.ThereareseveraldifferentstrainsofBrucellabacteria.Sometypesareseenincows.Othersoccurindogs,pigs,sheep,goats,andcamels.Recently,scientistshaveseennewstrainsintheredfoxandcertainmarineanimals,includingseals.Brucellainanimalscannotbecured.BrucellosisisrareintheU.S.becauseofeffectiveanimaldiseasecontrolprograms.Fewerthan200peoplegetsickwiththediseaseeachyearintheU.S.Itismostoftenseeninthespringandsummermonthsin:TexasCaliforniaVirginiaFloridaBrucellosisisconsideredasignificanthealththreatinotherpartsoftheworld.Thediseasehasbeenreportedinmorethanahalf-millionpeopleeachyearin100countries,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.WhatCausesBrucellosis?BrucellosisinhumansoccurswhenapersoncomesintocontactwithananimaloranimalproductinfectedwiththeBrucellabacteria.ContinuedVeryrarely,thebacteriamayspreadfrompersontoperson.Breastfeedingmomswithbrucellosismaypassthebacteriatotheirbaby.Brucellamayalsobespreadthroughsexualcontact.Thebacteriacanenteryourbody:ThroughacutorscratchintheskinWhenyoubreatheincontaminatedair(rare)Whenyoueatordrinksomethingcontaminatedwiththebacteria,suchasunpasteurizedmilkorundercookedmeatFourtypesofBrucellabacteriacausethemajorityofbrucellosisinfectionsinhumans:B.melitensis.Thistypecausesmostcasesofhumanbrucellosisandismainlyfoundinsheepandgoats.Itismostoftenseenin:SpainGreeceLatinAmer



5. Home

Brucellosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria. Provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkBrucellosisSectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateBrucellosisMinusRelatedPagesBrucellosisisaninfectiousdiseasecausedbybacteria.Peoplecangetthediseasewhentheyareincontactwithinfectedanimalsoranimalproductscontaminatedwiththebacteria.Animalsthataremostcommonlyinfectedincludesheep,cattle,goats,pigs,anddogs,amongothers.BrucellosisandrawmilkBrucellosisintheU.S.NewPerspectivesforCliniciansLabSubmissionsForBrucellaSpeciesBrucellosisWorldwideAreasatGreatestRiskTransmissionRiskofExposurePreventionSignsandSymptomsTreatmentResourcesForVeterinariansForCliniciansForLaboratoryPersonnelForConsumersTravelersExpectingMothersHuntersRisksCaseReportingBrucellosisCaseReportFormpdficon[PDF–4pages]Pagelastreviewed:February20,2021Contentsource:CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,NationalCenterforEmergingandZoonoticInfectiousDiseases(NCEZID),DivisionofHigh-ConsequencePathogensandPathology(DHCPP)homeBrucellosisHomepageTransmissionSigns&SymptomsRiskofExposureplusiconAreasatRiskRisksfromUnpasteurizedDairyProductsOccupationalRisksHuntersRisksRisksforExpectingMothersTreatmentPreventionCliniciansplusiconExposuretoRB51throughRawMilkorMilkProductsPatientswithSuspectedInfectionBacterialIsolationSerologyHumans&BrucellaSpeciesLaboratoryPersonnelplusiconOverviewofLaboratoryRisksRecommendationsforSafeLaboratoryPracticesAssessingLaboratoryRiskLevel&PEPVeterinariansplusiconHostAnimalsforBrucellaSpeciesVaccinationofCattleplusiconExposuretoRB51:LaboratorySettingExposuretoRB51:HowtoReduceRiskofInfectionDogsReferences&ResourcesplusiconArticles&PublicationsSurveillanceFacebookTwitterLinkedInSASstatsExitNotification/DisclaimerPolicyCloseLinkswiththisiconindicatethatyouareleavingtheCDCwebsite.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)cannotattesttotheaccuracyofanon-federalwebsite.Linkingtoanon-fe



6. Home

SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkBrucellosisSectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateBrucellosisMinusRelatedPagesBrucellosisisaninfectiousdiseasecausedbybacteria.Peoplecangetthediseasewhentheyareincontactwithinfectedanimalsoranimalproductscontaminatedwiththebacteria.Animalsthataremostcommonlyinfectedincludesheep,cattle,goats,pigs,anddogs,amongothers.BrucellosisandrawmilkBrucellosisintheU.S.NewPerspectivesforCliniciansLabSubmissionsForBrucellaSpeciesBrucellosisWorldwideAreasatGreatestRiskTransmissionRiskofExposurePreventionSignsandSymptomsTreatmentResourcesForVeterinariansForCliniciansForLaboratoryPersonnelForConsumersTravelersExpectingMothersHuntersRisksCaseReportingBrucellosisCaseReportFormpdficon[PDF–4pages]Pagelastreviewed:February20,2021Contentsource:CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,NationalCenterforEmergingandZoonoticInfectiousDiseases(NCEZID),DivisionofHigh-ConsequencePathogensandPathology(DHCPP)homeBrucellosisHomepageTransmissionSigns&SymptomsRiskofExposureplusiconAreasatRiskRisksfromUnpasteurizedDairyProductsOccupationalRisksHuntersRisksRisksforExpectingMothersTreatmentPreventionCliniciansplusiconExposuretoRB51throughRawMilkorMilkProductsPatientswithSuspectedInfectionBacterialIsolationSerologyHumans&BrucellaSpeciesLaboratoryPersonnelplusiconOverviewofLaboratoryRisksRecommendationsforSafeLaboratoryPracticesAssessingLaboratoryRiskLevel&PEPVeterinariansplusiconHostAnimalsforBrucellaSpeciesVaccinationofCattleplusiconExposuretoRB51:LaboratorySettingExposuretoRB51:HowtoReduceRiskofInfectionDogsReferences&ResourcesplusiconArticles&PublicationsSurveillanceFacebookTwitterLinkedInSASstatsExitNotification/DisclaimerPolicyCloseLinkswiththisiconindicatethatyouareleavingtheCDCwebsite.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)cannotattesttotheaccuracyofanon-federalwebsite.Linkingtoanon-federalwebsitedoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyCDCoranyofitsemployeesofthesponsorsortheinformationandproductspresentedonthewebsite



7. Brucellosis Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis & Transmission

Brucellosis is in infectious disease caused by bacteria in the genus Brucella. Brucella are aerobic, gram-negative coccobacilli. Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection ( ...FactsFactsyoushouldknowaboutbrucellosisWhatisbrucellosis?HistoryWhatisthehistoryofbrucellosis?CausesWhatarecausesofbrucellosis?RiskFactorsWhatareriskfactorsforbrucellosis?IsItContagious?Isbrucellosiscontagious?Howlongisbrucellosiscontagious?IncubationPeriodWhatistheincubationperiodforbrucellosis?TransmissionHowdoesbrucellosisspreadtohumans?Symptoms&SignsWhataresymptomsandsignsofbrucellosis?SpecialistsWhatspecialiststreatbrucellosis?DiagnosisHowdophysiciansdiagnosebrucellosis?TreatmentWhatarebrucellosistreatments?RemediesAretherehomeremediesforbrucellosis?PrognosisWhatistheprognosisofbrucellosis?VaccineIsitpossibletopreventbrucellosis?Isthereabrucellosisvaccine?CenterBrucellosisCenterCommentsPatientComments:Brucellosis-SymptomsFactsyoushouldknowaboutbrucellosisBrucellosisisaninfectiousdiseasecausedbybacteriatermedBrucella;thediseaseisfoundmainlyinanimals(zoonoticinfection),buthumanscanbeinfectedwiththesebacteria.Brucellosishasbeendescribedaslongas2,000yearsago,andtheorganismsfinallywereidentifiedin1887;thediseaseisworldwideandusuallyconfinedtoanimals.Becausethebacteriacanbeaerosolized,ithasbeendesignatedasapotentialbiologicweapon.BrucellosisiscausedbyBrucellastrainsthatcaninfecthumansthroughcutsintheskin,throughmucousmembranes,byinhalationandbyeatingcontaminatedmeatorotheranimal-derivedfoods;thebacteriacansurviveinsidehumancellsandspreadtomanydifferentorgans.Riskfactorsincludedrinkingunpasteurizedmilk,eatingunpasteurizedcheese,andcloseassociationwithanimals(farmers,veterinarians)andwithhuntersandmeatprocessors.Brucellosisisspreadtohumansbymilk,meat,orcheesethatisobtainedfrominfectedanimals;humanperson-to-personspreadisveryrare.Earlysymptomsofbrucellosisincludefever,fatigue,sweating,paininthemusclesandjoints,painintheback,and/orlossofappetite;overtime,feversmaybecomerecurrent,organdamagemayoccur(organ



8. Brucellosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology

Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella. The bacteria are transmitted from animals to humans by ingestion ...ForYouNews&PerspectiveDrugs&DiseasesCME&EducationAcademyVideoEdition:ENGLISHDEUTSCHESPAÑOLFRANÇAISPORTUGUÊSLogInSignUpIt'sFree!Edition:ENGLISHDEUTSCHESPAÑOLFRANÇAISPORTUGUÊSRegisterLogInNoResultsNoResultsForYouNews&PerspectiveDrugs&DiseasesCME&EducationAcademyVideoclosePleaseconfirmthatyouwouldliketologoutofMedscape.Ifyoulogout,youwillberequiredtoenteryourusernameandpasswordthenexttimeyouvisit.LogoutCancelhttps://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvMjEzNDMwLW92ZXJ2aWV3processing....Drugs&Diseases>InfectiousDiseasesBrucellosisUpdated:Aug24,2018Author:WafaAl-Nassir,MBBS;ChiefEditor:MichaelStuartBronze,MD more...ShareEmailPrintFeedbackCloseFacebookTwitterLinkedInGoogle+SectionsBrucellosisSectionsBrucellosisOverviewBackgroundPathophysiologyEtiologyEpidemiologyPrognosisPatientEducationShowAllPresentationHistoryPhysicalExaminationComplicationsShowAllDDxWorkupApproachConsiderationsLaboratoryStudiesRadiographyOtherImagingStudiesBiopsyHistologicFindingsShowAllTreatmentApproachConsiderationsInitialSupportiveCarePharmacologicTherapySurgicalInterventionDietandActivityPreventionConsultationsLong-TermMonitoringShowAllMedicationMedicationSummaryAntibiotics,OtherCorticosteroidsShowAllQuestions&AnswersMediaGalleryTablesReferencesOverviewBackgroundBrucellosisisazoonoticinfectioncausedbythebacterialgenusBrucella.Thebacteriaaretransmittedfromanimalstohumansbyingestionthroughinfectedfoodproducts,directcontactwithaninfectedanimal,orinhalationofaerosols.Thediseaseisanoldonethathasbeenknownbyvariousnames,includingMediterraneanfever,Maltafever,gastricremittentfever,andundulantfever.Humansareaccidentalhosts,butbrucellosiscontinuestobeamajorpublichealthconcernworldwideandisthemostcommonzoonoticinfection.[1]Brucellaorganisms,whicharesmallaerobicintracel



9. Brucellosis: Overview, Symptoms & Diagnosis

What is brucellosis? Brucellosis is a disease caused by a group of bacteria from the genus Brucella. These bacteria can infect both humans and animals.BrucellosisMedicallyreviewedbyEmeliaArquilla,DO—WrittenbyAutumnRivers—UpdatedonFebruary4,2021CausesandriskSymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentComplicationsPreventionWhatisbrucellosis?BrucellosisisadiseasecausedbyagroupofbacteriafromthegenusBrucella.Thesebacteriacaninfectbothhumansandanimals.Brucellosisisoftenspreadwhenpeopleeatcontaminatedfood,whichmayincluderawmeatandunpasteurizedmilk.Thebacteriacanalsobespreadthroughtheairorcontactwithanopenwound.AccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC),upto140casesofbrucellosisarereportedannuallyintheUnitedStates.Peoplewhoworkwithanimalsandrawmeat(e.g.,butchers)havethehighestchanceofgettingbrucellosis.WhilebrucellosisisrareintheUnitedStates,itcanbeserious.Youshouldtalkwithyourdoctorifyouthinkyoumayhavebrucellosis.Antibioticscanusuallytreatit.However,somepeoplegetthisdiseaserepeatedlyovertheyears,andmedicationwon’tnecessarilybanishitforever.Toloweryourriskofgettingbrucellosis,avoideatingrawmeatandunpasteurizeddairyproducts.Youshouldalsobesuretowearprotectiveclothingwhenworkingwithanimalsoranimaltissues.Whatputspeopleatriskofcontractingbrucellosis?Avarietyofanimalscancontractbrucellosis,including:goatssheeppigscattledogsHumanscanthencontractthediseasefrominfectedanimals.Thebacteriacanbetransmittedvia:ingestion(eating)inhalation(breathing)contactwithanopenwoundThisiswhyyouhaveahigherchanceofgettingbrucellosisifyouspendalotoftimearoundanimals.Theriskisparticularlyhighforpeoplewhocomeincontactwithanimalurine,blood,ortissue.AnimalplacentamayalsobeinfectedwithBrucellabacteria.Youmaybeexposedtothebacteriaifyouhelpananimalgivebirth.Fortunately,brucellosisisrarelyspreadthroughcasualcontactwithpets.Peoplewhoeatordrinkrawanimalproductsarealsoathigherriskforcontractingbrucellosis.Unpasteurizedmilkandcheese,aswellasrawmeat,cancarryBrucellabacteria.Yourchancesofgettingbrucellosisarehigherif



10. Brucellosis

Brucellosis is a bacterial disease caused by various Brucella species, which mainly infect cattle, swine, goats, sheep and dogs. Humans generally acquire the disease through direct contact with infected animals, by eating or drinking contaminated animal products or by inhaling airborne agents.Home/Newsroom/Factsheets/Detail/BrucellosisILRI/StevieMannVillagerandcalfsharemilkfromcowinRajasthan,India©CreditsBrucellosis29July2020KeyfactsBrucellosisisfoundgloballyandisareportablediseaseinmostcountriesThediseasecausesflu-likesymptoms,includingfever,weakness,malaiseandweightlossPerson-to-persontransmissionisrareBrucellosisisabacterialdiseasecausedbyvariousBrucellaspecies,whichmainlyinfectcattle,swine,goats,sheepanddogsBrucellosisisabacterialdiseasecausedbyvariousBrucellaspecies,whichmainlyinfectcattle,swine,goats,sheepanddogs.Humansgenerallyacquirethediseasethroughdirectcontactwithinfectedanimals,byeatingordrinkingcontaminatedanimalproductsorbyinhalingairborneagents.Mostcasesarecausedbyingestingunpasteurizedmilkorcheesefrominfectedgoatsorsheep.Brucellosisisoneofthemostwidespreadzoonosestransmittedbyanimalsandinendemicareas,humanbrucellosishasseriouspublichealthconsequences.Expansionofanimalindustriesandurbanization,andthelackofhygienicmeasuresinanimalhusbandryandinfoodhandling,partlyaccountforbrucellosisremainingapublichealthhazard. Whoisatrisk? Brucellosisisfoundgloballyandisareportablediseaseinmostcountries.Itaffectspeopleofallagesandbothsexes.Inthegeneralpopulation,mostcasesarecausedbytheconsumptionofrawmilkoritsderivativessuchasfreshcheese.Mostofthesecasesarefromsheepandgoatproducts.Thediseaseisalsoconsideredanoccupationalhazardforpeoplewhoworkinthelivestocksector.Peoplewhoworkwithanimalsandareincontactwithblood,placenta,foetusesanduterinesecretionshaveanincreasedriskofcontractingthedisease.Thismethodoftransmissionprimarilyaffectsfarmers,butchers,hunters,veterinariansandlaboratorypersonnel.Worldwide, Brucellamelitensis isthemostprevalentspeciescausinghumanbrucellosis,o



11. Inactivation of Virulent Brucella Species in Culture ...

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12. Brucellosis

How are brucellosis transmitted?As brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, the ultimate sources of infection are infected animals. The key species are the major food- ...HomeDiseases&ConditionsImportantDiseasesHomeHomeAboutCDCAboutCDCAboutCDCAboutCDCPoliciesNHCCActsandRegulationsActsandRegulationsActsandRegulationsActsRegulationsDirectionsPublicationsPublicationsPublicationsBooksPeriodicalsOthersDiseases&ConditionsDiseases&ConditionsDiseases&ConditionsImportantDiseasesTravelers’HealthQuarantineQuarantineQuarantineBackgroundObjectivesStrategiesLawsandRegulationsTravelHealthNoticesForeigners’HealthInfectionControlandBiosafetyVaccine-PreventableDiseasesControlPrograms&CampaignsPrograms&CampaignsPrograms&CampaignsResearch&DevelopmentStopTBSpecialProjectPreparednessandResponseFieldEpidemiologyTrainingProgramFieldEpidemiologyTrainingProgramFieldEpidemiologyTrainingProgramFieldEpidemiologyTrainingProgramResearchReportsInternship(training)ProgramsGuidelinesData&StatisticsData&StatisticsData&StatisticsTaiwanNationalInfectiousDiseaseStatisticsSystemStatisticsofHIV/AIDSDiseaseSurveillanceExpressInfluenzaExpressNationalNotifiableDiseaseSurveillanceReportNationalNotifiableDiseaseSurveillanceReportNationalNotifiableDiseaseSurveillanceReportYearlyReportMonthlyReportWeeklyReportofEnterovirusInfectionWeeklyReportofEnterovirusInfectionWeeklyReportofEnterovirusInfectionWeeklyReport2021WeeklyReport2020WeeklyReport2019WeeklyReport2018WeeklyReport2017WeeklyReport2016WeeklyReport2015WeeklyReport2014WeeklyReport2013WeeklyReport2012WeeklyReport2011WeeklyReport2010WeeklyReport2009WeeklyReport2008School-basedSurveillanceReportTaiwanNosocomialInfectionsSurveillanceSystemTaiwanCDCOpenDataPortalInternationalCooperationInternationalCooperationInternationalCooperationTaiwanIHRNationalFocalPointContactInformationInternationalCooperationInternationalConferenceAPECRelatedEventsForeignVisitorsRelativeResourcesSchoolVisitsNewsNewsNewsPressReleasesCurrentTopicsEventsPrivacyPolicySecurityPolicyGovernmentWebsi



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