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1. Ignaz Semmelweis
IgnazSemmelweisSectionsArticleIntroduction&QuickFactsMediaImagesAdditionalInfoAdditionalReadingMoreArticlesOnThisTopicContributorsArticleHistoryHomeHealth&MedicineMedicinePhysiciansIgnazSemmelweisGerman-HungarianphysicianPrintCiteverifiedCiteWhileeveryefforthasbeenmadetofollowcitationstylerules,theremaybesomediscrepancies.Pleaserefertotheappropriatestylemanualorothersourcesifyouhaveanyquestions.SelectCitationStyleMLAAPAChicagoManualofStyleCopyCitationShareShareSharetosocialmediaFacebookTwitterURLhttps://www.britannica.com/biography/Ignaz-SemmelweisMoreGiveFeedbackExternalWebsitesFeedbackCorrections?Updates?Omissions?Letusknowifyouhavesuggestionstoimprovethisarticle(requireslogin).FeedbackTypeSelectatype(Required)FactualCorrectionSpelling/GrammarCorrectionLinkCorrectionAdditionalInformationOtherYourFeedbackSubmitFeedbackThankyouforyourfeedbackOureditorswillreviewwhatyou’vesubmittedanddeterminewhethertorevisethearticle.JoinBritannica'sPublishingPartnerProgramandourcommunityofexpertstogainaglobalaudienceforyourwork!ExternalWebsitesTheHistoryLearningSite-BiographyofIgnazSemmelweisBritannicaWebsitesArticlesfromBritannicaEncyclopediasforelementaryandhighschoolstudents.IgnazSemmelweis-StudentEncyclopedia(Ages11andup)WRITTENBYImreZoltánFormerProfessorofGynecologyandObstetrics,SemmelweisMedicalUniversity,Budapest,Hungary.CoauthorofSemmelweiséleteésmunkássága.SeeArticleHistoryAlternativeTitles:IgnácFülöpSemmelweis,IgnazPhilippSemmelweisIgnazSemmelweis,infullIgnazPhilippSemmelweisorHungarianIgnácFülöpSemmelweis,(bornJuly1,1818,Buda,Hungary,AustrianEmpire[nowBudapest,Hungary]—diedAugust13,1865,Vienna,Austria),Hungarianphysicianwhodiscoveredthecauseofpuerperal(childbed)feverandintroducedantisepsisintomedicalpractice.EducatedattheuniversitiesofPestandVienna,Semmelweisreceivedhisdoctor’sdegreefromViennain1844andwasappointedassistantattheobstetricclinicinVienna.Hesoonbecameinvolvedintheproblemofpuerperalinfection,thescourgeofmaternityhospitalsthroughoutEurope.Althoughmostwomendeliv
2. Ignaz Semmelweis
Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (German: [ˈɪɡnaːts ˈzɛml̩vaɪs]; Hungarian: Semmelweis Ignác Fülöp [ˈsɛmmɛlvɛjs ˈiɡnaːts ˈfyløp]; 1 July 1818 – 13 ...IgnazSemmelweisFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchEarlypioneerofantisepticproceduresThenativeformofthispersonalnameisSemmelweisIgnác. ThisarticleusesWesternnameorderwhenmentioningindividuals.IgnazSemmelweisDr.IgnazSemmelweis,aged42in1860copperplateengravingbyJenőDobyBornSemmelweisIgnácFülöp(1818-07-01)July1,1818Buda,KingdomofHungary(nowpartofBudapest,Hungary)DiedAugust13,1865(1865-08-13)(aged 47)Oberdöbling,AustrianEmpire(todaypartofVienna,Austria)CitizenshipKingdomofHungaryAlma materUniversityofViennaUniversityofBudapestKnown forIntroducinghanddisinfectionstandards,inobstetricalclinics,from1847ScientificcareerFieldsObstetrics,surgeriesSpouse(s)MáriaWeidenhofer(m. 1857)[1]Children5IgnazPhilippSemmelweis[A](German:[ˈɪɡnaːtsˈzɛml̩vaɪs];Hungarian:SemmelweisIgnácFülöp[ˈsɛmmɛlvɛjsˈiɡnaːtsˈfyløp];1July1818 –13August1865)wasaHungarianphysicianandscientist,nowknownasanearlypioneerofantisepticprocedures.Describedasthe"saviourofmothers",[2]Semmelweisdiscoveredthattheincidenceofpuerperalfever(alsoknownas"childbedfever")couldbedrasticallycutbytheuseofhanddisinfectioninobstetricalclinics.Puerperalfeverwascommoninmid-19th-centuryhospitalsandoftenfatal.Semmelweisproposedthepracticeofwashinghandswithchlorinatedlimesolutionsin1847whileworkinginViennaGeneralHospital'sFirstObstetricalClinic,wheredoctors'wardshadthreetimesthemortalityofmidwives'wards.[3]HepublishedabookofhisfindingsinEtiology,ConceptandProphylaxisofChildbedFever.Despitevariouspublicationsofresultswherehandwashingreducedmortalitytobelow1%,Semmelweis'sobservationsconflictedwiththeestablishedscientificandmedicalopinionsofthetimeandhisideaswererejectedbythemedicalcommunity.Hecouldoffernoacceptablescientificexplanationforhisfindings,andsomedoctorswereoffendedatthesuggestionthattheyshouldwashtheirhandsandmockedhimforit.In1865,theincreasinglyoutspokenSemmelwe
3. Ignaz Semmelweis, the doctor who discovered the disease ...
Ignaz Semmelweis, the doctor who discovered the disease-fighting power of hand-washing in 1847 · Benefits of cleanliness, symbolic and real.MenuCloseHomePodcastsCOVID-19ArtsBusiness+EconomyCulture+SocietyEducationEnvironment+EnergyHealthPoliticsScience+TechnologyEnfrançaisEditionAfricaAustraliaCanadaCanada(français)EspañaFranceGlobalPerspectivesIndonesiaNewZealandUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesEdition:AvailableeditionsCanadaGetnewsletterBecomeanauthorSignupasareaderSigninPodcastsCOVID-19ArtsBusiness+EconomyCulture+SocietyEducationEnvironment+EnergyHealthPoliticsScience+TechnologyEnfrançaisAsimple,low-techwaytogetridofgerms.FatCamera/E+viaGettyImagesLeslieS.Leighton,GeorgiaStateUniversityAuthorLeslieS.LeightonVisitingLecturerofHistory,GeorgiaStateUniversityDisclosurestatementLeslieS.Leightondoesnotworkfor,consult,ownsharesinorreceivefundingfromanycompanyororganisationthatwouldbenefitfromthisarticle,andhasdisclosednorelevantaffiliationsbeyondtheiracademicappointment.PartnersGeorgiaStateUniversityprovidesfundingasafoundingpartnerofTheConversationUS.ViewallpartnersEmailTwitterFacebookLinkedInWhatsAppMessengerOneofthefront-linedefensesindividualshaveagainstthespreadofthecoronaviruscanfeeldecidedlylow-tech:hand-washing.Infact,itwas19th-centuryHungarianphysicianIgnazSemmelweiswho,afterobservationalstudies,firstadvancedtheideaof“handhygiene”inmedicalsettings.Thesimpleactofhand-washingisacriticalwaytopreventthespreadofgerms.Here’showSemmelweis,workinginanobstetricswardinViennainthe19thcentury,madetheconnectionbetweendirtyhandsanddeadlyinfection.Benefitsofcleanliness,symbolicandrealThehistoryofhand-washingextendsbacktoancienttimes,whenitwaslargelyafaith-basedpractice.TheOldTestament,theTalmudandtheQuranallmentionhand-washinginthecontextofritualcleanliness.Ritualhand-washingappearstohavecomewithpublichealthimplications.DuringtheBlackDeathofthe14thcentury,forinstance,theJewsofEuropehadadistinctlylowerrateofdeaththanothers.Researchersbelievethathand-washingprescribedbytheirreligionpro
4. Ignaz Semmelweis and the birth of infection control
IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS (1818–1865). Known as the “father of infection control”, Dr Ignaz (or Ignac) Semmelweis (fig 1) was a Hungarian born physician who ...SkiptomaincontentYouarehereHomeArchiveVolume13, Issue3IgnazSemmelweisandthebirthofinfectioncontrolEmailalertsArticleTextArticlemenuArticleTextArticleinfoCitationToolsShareResponsesArticlemetricsAlertsPDFHeroesandmartyrsofqualityandsafetyIgnazSemmelweisandthebirthofinfectioncontrolFreeMBest,DNeuhauserDepartmentofEpidemiologyandBiostatistics,CaseSchoolofMedicine,CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland,Ohio,USACorrespondenceto:
ProfessorDNeuhauser
DepartmentofEpidemiologyandBiostatistics,CaseSchoolofMedicine,CaseWesternReserveUniversity,Cleveland,OH44106-4945,USA;dvncase.eduhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2004.010918StatisticsfromAltmetric.comIgnazSemmelweisheroesandmartyrsWorldwide,sepsisisthecauseofdeathinabout1400peopleeachday.1Manyofthesepeopledevelopsepsisfrominfectionsacquiredaspatientswhileinahospital.Infectionsacquiredinthehospitalarecallednosocomialinfections.Theyarethemostcommoncomplicationsofhospitalizedpatients,with5–10%ofpatientsinacutecarehospitalsacquiringatleastoneinfection.Nosocomialinfectionsoccurin2millionpatientsperyearintheUnitedStates,causing90000deathsandresultingin$4.5–5.7billioninadditionalpatientcarecosts.2INFECTIONCONTROLInfluenzavirus,Legionnaires’disease,bacterialmeningitis,measles,WestNilevirus,tularemia,hepatitisA,rotavirus,Norwalkvirus,multidrugresistantPseudomonas,super-resistantKlebsiella,methicillinresistantStaphylococcusaureus(MRSA),andvancomycinresistantEnterococcusarejustafewoftheinfectiousorganismsanddiseasesthatmaybecontractedwhileinhospital.Infectioncontrolisessentialtolimitthespreadofthesediseases.Cross-infectionofpatientsbythecontaminatedhandsofhealthcareworkersisamajormethodofspreadinginfectiousagents.Handhygieneisnotedtobethesinglemostimportantfactorforinfectioncontrol.Eventoday,handwashingisperformedonlyonethirdtoonehalfasoftenasitshouldbe.3IGNAZSEMMELWEIS(1818–1865)Knownasthe“
5. Ignaz Semmelweis, "father of infection control," pioneered ...
It was a doodle of Ignaz Semmelweis, a 19th-century Hungarian doctor who was known as the pioneer of hand ...SkiptomaincontentSearchInputsearchSectionsSectionsTheWashingtonPostDemocracyDiesinDarknessSigninprofileSigninprofilehomeHomeshareSharecomment0TheWashingtonPostDemocracyDiesinDarknessIgnazPhilippSemmelweis,aHungariandoctor,discoveredmeansagainstchildbedfever.(AP)(AssociatedPress/ASSOCIATEDPRESS)ByMeaganFlynnMarch23,2020at10:44a.m.UTCOvertheweekend,animageofamustachioedmanwithbeadyeyesandabaldheadandwearinganold-timeysuitappearedonthehomepageofGooglepleadingwithustowashourhands.ItwasadoodleofIgnazSemmelweis,a19th-centuryHungariandoctorwhowasknownasthepioneerofhand-washing.Hediscoveredthewondersofthenow-basichygienicpracticeasawaytostopthespreadofinfectionin1847,duringanexperimentinaViennahospital’smaternityward.Supportourjournalism.Subscribetoday.arrow-rightButifSemmelweiswerealivetoday,heprobablywouldbeamazedtofindthatbillionswerenowhearinghispleasamidadevastatingpandemic.That’sbecauseinhisday,notevendoctorscaredtowashtheirhands.Manydidn’tcaretoheedSemmelweis’swarnings,either.StorycontinuesbelowadvertisementNow,as“washyourhands”isscreamedatusfromthemouthsofpublicofficials,onhighwaybillboardsandfromdoctorsaroundtheworld,thestoryofSemmelweis’santisepticsbreakthroughhasfounddeeperresonance.Hehasbeendescribedasamartyrinlifeandaheromuchlater.Hisadvicewasfinallyputtogooduseonlyafterhedied.AdvertisementAsGoogleputitinitstribute,Semmelweishasinformed"generationsbeyondhisownthathandwashingisoneofthemosteffectivewaystopreventthespreadofdiseases.”“It’sunfortunateittakesasituationliketheonewe’reexperiencingnowforhimtogethisdue,”JordanH.Perlow,aPhoenix-basedobstetricianwhoteachesattheUniversityofArizonaCollegeofMedicine,toldTheWashingtonPost.“It’sthekindofthingwhere,fromtheperspectiveoftheyear2020,youlookbackandthink,‘Howcouldsomethingasfundamentalandbasicandprimitiveaswashingone’shandsbelookedatinsuchanegativeway?’”Semmelweis,borninHungaryin1818,startedworkingatViennaGene