This is the first case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri in Taiwan. PAM was diagnosed based on detection of actively ...NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutTryoutPMCLabsandtelluswhatyouthink.LearnMore.JournalListKoreanJParasitolv.51(2);2013AprPMC3662064KoreanJParasitol.2013Apr;51(2):203–206.Publishedonline2013Apr25.doi: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.203PMCID:PMC3662064PMID:23710088AFatalCaseofNaegleriafowleriMeningoencephalitisinTaiwanMei-YuSu,1Ming-ShihLee,1,2Ling-YuhShyu,3Wei-ChenLin,4Pei-ChingHsiao,5Chi-PingWang,1,2Dar-DerJi,4,6Ke-MinChen,3andShih-ChanLai3Mei-YuSu1ClinicalLaboratory,ChungShanMedicalUniversityHospital,Taichung,Taiwan.FindarticlesbyMei-YuSuMing-ShihLee1ClinicalLaboratory,ChungShanMedicalUniversityHospital,Taichung,Taiwan.2DepartmentofMedicallaboratoryandBiotechnolgy,ChungShanMedicalUniversity,Taichung,Taiwan.FindarticlesbyMing-ShihLeeLing-YuhShyu3DepartmentofParasitology,ChungShanMedicalUniversity,Taichung,Taiwan.FindarticlesbyLing-YuhShyuWei-ChenLin4CenterforResearchandDiagnostics,CentersforDiseaseControl,Taipei,Taiwan.FindarticlesbyWei-ChenLinPei-ChingHsiao5DepartmentofInternalMedicine,ChungShanMedicalUniversityHospital,Taichung,Taiwan.FindarticlesbyPei-ChingHsiaoChi-PingWang1ClinicalLaboratory,ChungShanMedicalUniversityHospital,Taichung,Taiwan.2DepartmentofMedicallaboratoryandBiotechnolgy,ChungShanMedicalUniversity,Taichung,Taiwan.FindarticlesbyChi-PingWangDar-DerJi4CenterforResearchandDiagnostics,CentersforDiseaseControl,Taipei,Taiwan.6DepartmentofTropicalMedicine,NationalYang-MingUniversity,Taipei,Taiwan.FindarticlesbyDar-DerJiKe-MinChen3DepartmentofParasitology,ChungShanMedicalUniversity,Taichung,Taiwan.FindarticlesbyKe-MinChenShih-ChanLai3DepartmentofParasitology,ChungShanMedicalUniversity,Taichung,Taiwan.FindarticlesbyShih-ChanLaiAuthorinformationArticlenotesCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimer1ClinicalLaboratory,ChungShanMedicalUniversityHospital,T

今天有個新聞(1)，提到美國今年夏天已有三個人被所謂的福氏耐格里阿米巴原蟲（​Naegleria fowleri）感染，得了腦炎死亡。

這隻原蟲引發的腦炎其實在美國每年 ...×000文字分享友善列印000動物世界專欄泛科授權2.0生命奧祕自然生態Naegleriafowleri是阿米巴原蟲嗎？葉綠舒・2011/08/19・1201字・閱讀時間約2分鐘＋追蹤今天有個新聞(1)，提到美國今年夏天已有三個人被所謂的福氏耐格里阿米巴原蟲（Naegleriafowleri）感染，得了腦炎死亡。

這隻原蟲引發的腦炎其實在美國每年都會有，今年的發生率似乎也沒有比往年高，所以讀者也不需要大驚小怪，但是筆者比較有興趣的是這隻原蟲，Naegleriafowleri。

不管是華文媒體或是英文媒體，都把它稱為阿米巴原蟲(amoeba)，但其實真正的阿米巴原蟲屬於Amoebozoa，主要為一群利用偽足(pseudopodiia)移動的單細胞生物，大部分都生活在土壤跟水裡，而且最大特點是絕大部分不具有鞭毛(flagellae)(2)。

為什麼要特別講到這一點呢？因為最近新聞的主角，福氏耐格里阿米巴原蟲，它在生命史中可以有三種型態：cyst（囊胞），trophozoite（類阿米巴）以及flagellate（鞭毛蟲）。

當環境適於它生存時，福氏耐格里原蟲（注意筆者已經把阿米巴三個字拿掉了）以類阿米巴的形式存在，在土壤中緩步爬行尋找細菌做為食物；當環境不大好的時候，福氏耐格里原蟲就會長出鞭毛成為鞭毛蟲的型態，開始到處尋找下一個流奶與蜜之地。

當環境真的很差很差的時候呢？這時候福氏耐格里原蟲就會變成囊胞來度過艱困時期。

但是不管是哪一種，其實福氏耐格里原蟲並不想要吃我們…如果有細菌他們會更開心…而是我們這些不識相的人類跳進河川、湖泊跟池塘裡，把它們給吸入鼻腔後，飢餓的福氏耐格里原蟲在找不到其他食物來源時，沿著鼻腔爬進我們的大腦，開始吃我們的腦細胞（所以英文媒體稱它為食腦的阿米巴原蟲(Brain-eatingamoeba)），造成我們死亡。

根據歷年的統計，死亡率可達95%以上。

最後再回到分類學上的問題，除了具有鞭毛這件事讓福氏耐格里原蟲不像阿米巴原蟲外，他到底跟阿米巴原蟲有多遠呢？事實上，他跟阿米巴原蟲的關係真的很遠，福氏耐格里原蟲跟Euglena（代表是眼蟲）、Trypanosoma（錐蟲，代表是造成非洲錐蟲病(sleepingsickness)的病原）、以及一小部分的黏菌共同組成異葉足綱(Heterolobosea)。

異葉足綱下的這些原蟲們型態多變，證明它們之間的關係比其他的原蟲之間更接近的最強烈的證據就是他們的DNA序列相似度。

甚至因為這樣，有人提出它們應該另屬於一個界，並命名為Excavates。

有興趣的讀者可以看一下這個分類樹，同時也瞭解一下異葉足綱下的福氏耐格里原蟲與真正的阿米巴原蟲之間的關係。

從華文與英文媒體的稱呼上可以看出來，其實科學新聞報導上的誤用是常見的（當然在華文媒體上更常見），但是刊登在英文版科學人上的文章(3)，很快地指出這個誤用，並說明為何。

在欽佩國外的科學家之餘，筆者也希望可以經由這個部落格為台灣的科學教育略盡一點點小小的力氣囉！參考資料：1.中央社.2011/8/19.阿米巴蟲侵腦今夏美奪3命。

(http://tw.news.yahoo.com/article/url/d/a/110819/5/2x5p4.html)2.英文版維基百科，Amoebozoa(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amoebozoa)3.JenniferFrazer,2011/8/17.JustwhatistheBrain-eating“Amoeba”Naegleriafowleri?(http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/artful-amoeba/2011/08/17/just-what-is-the-brain-eating-amoeba-naegleria-fowleri/)本文原發表於Miscellaneous999相關標籤：原生生物大腦阿米巴熱門標籤：yahoo紐蟲圓周率雷達康乃馨文章難易度剛好太難所有討論0登入與大家一起討論葉綠舒262篇文章・4位粉絲＋追蹤做人一定要讀書（主動學習），將來才會有出息。

RELATED相關文章「老鷹紅豆」的故事，與天上翱翔的黑鳶們——《水獺與朋友們記得的事》台灣曾是有熊國，台灣黑熊——《水獺與朋友們記得的事》經濟起

福氏內格里蟲（學名：Naegleria fowleri）是異葉足綱（Heterolobosea）的內格里蟲，俗稱食腦菌、食腦變形蟲（brain-eating amoeba）、福氏阿米巴蟲。

福氏內格里蟲維基百科，自由的百科全書跳至導覽跳至搜尋福氏耐格里變形蟲科學分類界：原生動物界Protozoa綱：根足綱Rhizopodea目：裂芡目Schizopyrenida科：簡變科Vahlkampfiidae屬：內格里蟲屬Naegleria種：福氏耐格里變形蟲N.fowleri二名法Naegleriafowleri福氏內格里蟲（學名：Naegleriafowleri）是異葉足綱（Heterolobosea）的內格里蟲，俗稱食腦菌、食腦變形蟲（brain-eatingamoeba）、福氏阿米巴蟲。

在其生物生命周期有三種型態：囊胞、類阿米巴以及鞭毛蟲的型態。

當環境適於它生存時，福氏內格里蟲以類阿米巴的形式存在，在土壤或水中緩步移動尋找細菌做為食物；當環境不大好的時候，福氏耐格里原蟲就會長出鞭毛成為鞭毛蟲的型態以尋找較為適合生存之地。

當環境極度惡劣時則會變成囊胞來度過艱困時期。

[1]福氏內格里蟲並非阿米巴原蟲，但由於其在環境適於它生存時，會以類阿米巴的形式存在，故被各國媒體誤認為是阿米巴原蟲的一種。

[2]福氏內格里蟲常見於25℃以上的溫水環境，在約42℃時繁殖力最旺盛。

在偶然的機率下，將病原體吸入鼻腔，在基於找不到其他食物來源，福氏內格里蟲便會沿著嗅覺神經進入腦部，進而引發「福氏內格里阿米巴腦膜腦炎」（PrimaryAmoebicMeningoencephalitis，簡稱PAM）[3]，但喝下遭病原體污染的水則不會被感染，初期可以治療但黃金時間不長，若遭感染其死亡率可達95%以上。

目錄1事故及爆發1.1紐西蘭1.2巴基斯坦1.3美國1.4台灣1.5中國大陸2症狀3參考資料4外部連結事故及爆發[編輯]紐西蘭[編輯]從1968年到1978年，紐西蘭總共發生過8宗個案，死者都是在懷卡托地區的旅遊勝地陶波附近的地熱水游泳而感染[4]。

巴基斯坦[編輯]巴基斯坦在2012年的3月到9月，有10人於舊都喀拉蚩死於福氏內格里阿米巴腦膜腦炎；而全國全年已有22人因此而死亡。

根據世衛組織官員表示，死者可能是因為曾在髒水中游泳，或用受污染的水清洗口鼻而感染[5]。

美國[編輯]2013年，美國一名12歲男童雷納（ZacharyReyna）於8月3日在家中附近一條引水道和朋友玩跪板衝浪時受到感染，在邁阿密兒童醫院深切治療部留醫，延至8月25日死亡[6][7]。

2019年，美國10歲女童莉莉·梅·亞文特（LilyMaeAvant）在9月初周末假期到河裡游泳，遭到一種罕見的食腦變形蟲感染，約一週後出現頭痛和發燒症狀，健康狀況迅速惡化。

院方診斷亞文特感染了原發性阿米巴腦膜炎（PAM），並於9月16日過世。

2020年9月8日，德克薩斯州萊克傑克遜（英語：LakeJackson,Texas）一名6歲男孩因感染福氏耐格里變形蟲去世[8]。

台灣[編輯]2011年11月，台灣一名75歲男性，有定期浸泡溫泉的習慣。

個案於2011年11月14日陸續出現頭痛、頸痛（英語：neckpain）、食慾不振、手腳發麻、全身無力，11月18日呼吸衰竭、插管治療，於發病後25天死亡，經檢驗確認為「福氏內格里蟲（Naegleriafowleri）」感染所導致的腦膜腦炎，個案暴露的溫泉池也檢測出含有此種寄生蟲，該溫泉池經消毒後已重新開放，經調查同行者及家屬無人發病。

中華民國衛生福利部疾病管制署在2013年證實此一個案。

[9]中國大陸[編輯]2016年8月14日，深圳一名43歲男子在景區玩水。

19日開始頭疼咳嗽。

9月3日死亡。

經檢驗確認為福氏內格里阿米巴腦膜腦炎。

[10]症狀[編輯]主條目：福氏內格里阿米巴腦膜腦炎症狀通常於受感染後1-9天內出現，初期症狀可能包含頭痛、發燒、和噁心。

晚期症狀則涵蓋：頸部僵硬（stiffneck）、思考混亂（英語：confusion）（confusion）、注意力不集中（lackofattention）、失去平衡感(lossofbalance)、癲癇發作、幻覺（hallucinations）。

一旦症狀出現，患者通常會在兩周內死亡[11]。

參考資料[編輯]^NaegleriaFowle

Naegleria fowleri infects people when water containing the ameba enters the body through the nose. This typically occurs when people go swimming or diving in ...SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkParasites—Naegleriafowleri—PrimaryAmebicMeningoencephalitis(PAM)—AmebicEncephalitisSectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateGeneralInformationSpanishMinusRelatedPagesFrequentlyAskedQuestionsWhatisNaegleria?Naegleriaisanameba(single-celledlivingorganism)commonlyfoundinwarmfreshwater(forexample,lakes,rivers,andhotsprings)andsoil.Onlyonespecies(type)ofNaegleriainfectspeople:Naegleriafowleri.HowdoesinfectionwithNaegleriafowlerioccur?YoucannotgetinfectedfromdrinkingwatercontaminatedwithNaegleria.Youcanonlybeinfectedwhencontaminatedwatergoesupintoyournose.Naegleriafowleriinfectspeoplewhenwatercontainingtheamebaentersthebodythroughthenose.Thistypicallyoccurswhenpeoplegoswimmingordivinginwarmfreshwaterplaces,likelakesandrivers.TheNaegleriafowleriamebathentravelsupthenosetothebrainwhereitdestroysthebraintissue.YoucannotbeinfectedwithNaegleriafowleribydrinkingcontaminatedwater.Inveryrareinstances,Naegleriainfectionsmayalsooccurwhencontaminatedwaterfromothersources(suchasinadequatelychlorinatedswimmingpoolwaterorcontaminatedtapwater)entersthenose,forexamplewhenpeoplesubmergetheirheadsorcleansetheirnosesduringreligiouspractices,andwhenpeopleirrigatetheirsinuses(nose)usingcontaminatedtapwater.Naegleriafowlerihasnotbeenshowntospreadviawatervapororaerosoldroplets(suchasshowermistorvaporfromahumidifier). WhereisNaegleriafowlerifound?Naegleriafowleriisfoundaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,themajorityofinfectionshavebeencausedbyNaegleriafowlerifromfreshwaterlocatedinsouthern-tierstates.Theamebacanbefoundin:Bodiesofwarmfreshwater,suchaslakesandriversGeothermal(naturallyhot)water,suchashotspringsWarmwaterdischargefromindustrialplantsGeothermal(naturallyhot)drinkingwatersourcesSwimmingpoolsthatarepoorlymaintained,minimally-chlorinated,and/orun-

fowleri in Australia. N. fowleri is found in freshwater that is usually contaminated with soil. This activity reviews the evaluation and management of ...NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutNCBIBookshelf.AserviceoftheNationalLibraryofMedicine,NationalInstitutesofHealth.StatPearls[Internet].TreasureIsland(FL):StatPearlsPublishing;2021Jan-.StatPearls[Internet].ShowdetailsTreasureIsland(FL):StatPearlsPublishing;2021Jan-.SearchtermNaegleriaNajwaPervin;VidyaSundareshan.AuthorInformationAuthorsNajwaPervin1;VidyaSundareshan2.Affiliations1SouthernIllinoisUniversity2SIUSchoolofMedicineLastUpdate:September22,2020.ContinuingEducationActivityNaegleriafowleri,amemberofthegenusPercolozoa,isalsoknownasthe"brain-eatingamoeba."Itisaeukaryotic,free-living,amoebanamedafterMalcolmFowlerwhodescribedtheinitialcasesofprimaryamebicencephalitis(PAM)causedbyN.fowleriinAustralia.N.fowleriisfoundinfreshwaterthatisusuallycontaminatedwithsoil.ThisactivityreviewstheevaluationandmanagementofNaegleria,andhighlightstheroleoftheinterprofessionalteaminimprovingcareforpatientswiththiscondition.Objectives:DescribetheevaluationofapatientwithNaegleria.ReviewthepathophysiologyofNaegleria.SummarizethetreatmentofNaegleria.OutlinetheimportanceofimprovingcarecoordinationamonginterprofessionalteammemberstoimproveoutcomesforpatientsaffectedbyNaegleria.Earncontinuingeducationcredits(CME/CE)onthistopic.IntroductionNaegleriafowleri,amemberofthegenusPercolozoa,[1],isalsoknownasthe"brain-eatingamoeba."Itisaeukaryotic,free-living,amoebanamedafterMalcolmFowlerwhodescribedtheinitialcasesofprimaryamebicencephalitis(PAM)causedbyN. fowleriinAustralia.[2]N.fowleriisfoundinfreshwaterthatisusuallycontaminatedwithsoil.[3] N. fowleri isthermophilicandgrowswellattemperaturesashighas45C.Ithas3stagesinitslifecycle: cyst,trophozoites,andflagellates.Thetrophozoitestageisthereproductivestageandcancauseinvasivehumandisease.Whenenvironmentalfactorsarenotamenabletogrowth,suchasi

Naegleria fowleri usually infects people when contaminated water enters the body through the nose. Once the ameba enters the nose, it travels to the brain where ...SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkParasites—Naegleriafowleri—PrimaryAmebicMeningoencephalitis(PAM)—AmebicEncephalitisSectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateNaegleriafowleri—PrimaryAmebicMeningoencephalitis(PAM)—AmebicEncephalitisMinusRelatedPagesNaegleriafowleri(commonlyreferredtoasthe“brain-eatingamoeba”or“brain-eatingameba”),isafree-livingmicroscopicameba*,(single-celledlivingorganism).Itcancausearare**anddevastatinginfectionofthebraincalledprimaryamebicmeningoencephalitis(PAM).Theamebaiscommonlyfoundinwarmfreshwater(e.g.lakes,rivers,andhotsprings)andsoil.Naegleriafowleriusuallyinfectspeoplewhencontaminatedwaterentersthebodythroughthenose.Oncetheamebaentersthenose,ittravelstothebrainwhereitcausesPAM,whichisusuallyfatal.Infectiontypicallyoccurswhenpeoplegoswimmingordivinginwarmfreshwaterplaces,likelakesandrivers.Inveryrareinstances,Naegleriainfectionsmayalsooccurwhencontaminatedwaterfromothersources(suchasinadequatelychlorinatedswimmingpoolwaterorheatedandcontaminatedtapwater)entersthenose1-4.YoucannotgetinfectedfromswallowingwatercontaminatedwithNaegleria.Topimage(fromlefttoright):Computer-generatedrepresentationofNaegleriafowleriinitsameboidtrophozoitestage,initsflagellatedstage,andinitscyststage.editiconGeneralInformationFrequentlyaskedquestions...labiconPathogen&EnvironmentStagesofparasitedevelopment...labiconDiagnosis&DetectionLaboratorytesting,identification...labiconPrevention&ControlHowtostayhealthyandpreventinfection...medicaliconIllness&SymptomsSigns,symptoms,andoutcomes...searchiconSourcesofInfection&RiskFactorsWhogetsinfectedandhow...labiconTreatmentMedication...editiconEnEspañolInformacióngeneral...ReferencesYoderJS,EddyBA,VisvesvaraGS,CapewellL,BeachMJ.TheepidemiologyofprimaryamoebicmeningoencephalitisintheUSA,1962-2008.externaliconEpide

The amoeba — called Naegleria fowleri — travels up the nose to the brain, where it causes severe brain damage. Most people who have ...COVID-19:Advice,updatesandvaccineoptionsWeareopenforsafein-personcare.Learnmore:MayoClinicfactsaboutcoronavirusdisease2019(COVID-19)OurCOVID-19patientandvisitorguidelines,plustrustedhealthinformationLateston COVID-19vaccination bysite:ArizonapatientvaccinationupdatesArizona,FloridapatientvaccinationupdatesFlorida,RochesterpatientvaccinationupdatesRochesterandMayoClinicHealthSystempatientvaccinationupdatesMCHSSkiptositenavigationSkiptoContentThiscontentdoesnothaveanEnglishversion.ThiscontentdoesnothaveanArabicversion.SectionsforNaegleriainfectionSymptoms&causesDiagnosis&treatmentPrintOverviewNaegleria(nay-GLEER-e-uh)infectionisarareandalmostalwaysfatalbraininfection.Naegleriainfectioniscausedbyanamoebacommonlyfoundinwarm,freshwaterlakes,riversandhotsprings.Exposuretotheamoebausuallyoccursduringswimmingorotherwatersports.Theamoeba—calledNaegleriafowleri—travelsupthenosetothebrain,whereitcausesseverebraindamage.Mostpeoplewhohavenaegleriainfectiondiewithinaweekofshowingsymptoms.Millionsofpeopleareexposedtotheamoebathatcausesnaegleriainfectioneachyear,butonlyahandfulofthemevergetsickfromit.Healthofficialsdon'tknowwhysomepeopledevelopnaegleriainfectionwhileothersdon't.Products&ServicesBook:MayoClinicFamilyHealthBook,5thEditionNewsletter:MayoClinicHealthLetter—DigitalEditionShowmoreproductsfromMayoClinicSymptomsNaegleriainfectioncausesadiseasecalledprimaryamebicmeningoencephalitis(muh-ning-go-un-sef-uh-LIE-tis)—alsoknownasPAM.PAMisabraininfectionthatleadstobrainswellingandthedestructionofbraintissue.Thesymptomsofnaegleriainfectiongenerallybeginwithintwoto15daysofexposuretotheamoeba.Initialsignsandsymptomsofteninclude:FeverSudden,severeheadacheNauseaandvomitingNasalcongestionordischargeChangesinsmellortasteAsthediseaseworsens,signsandsymptomsmayalsoinclude:StiffneckSensitivitytolightConfusionLossofbalanceSleepinessSeizuresHallucinationsThedi

Amoebas are single-celled organisms. The so-called brain-eating amoeba is a species discovered in 1965. It's formal name is Naegleria fowleri.MenuNews&FeaturesReferenceSlideshowsQuizzesVideosQuestions&AnswersFindaNeurologistLivingBetterWithMSADHDAlzheimer'sDiseaseAutismConcussionCreutzfeldt-JakobDiseaseEpilepsyGuillain-BarréSyndromeLouGehrig’sDisease(ALS)MultipleSclerosisParkinson'sDiseaseRestlessLegsSyndromeSpinalMuscularAtrophyStrokeMoreRelatedTopicsBrain&NervousSystemReferenceMenuReviewedbyCarolDerSarkissian, MDonFebruary08,2020InthisArticleWhatIsaBrain-EatingAmoeba?WhereAreBrain-EatingAmoebasFound?HowDoPeopleGetInfectedWithBrain-EatingAmoeba?HowDoAmoebasGetintheBrain?HowFrequentlyDoPeopleGetInfectedbyaBrain-EatingAmoeba?HowLongUntilSymptomsofaBrain-EatingAmoebaAppear?WhatAretheFirstSymptomsSomeoneMightHave?IsThereaTreatmentforInfectionWithBrain-EatingAmoeba?IsThereaRapidTestforInfectionWithBrain-EatingAmoeba?HowDoAmoebasDissolveBrainTissue?AreCertainGroupsAffectedMoreThanOthers?HowCanIProtectMyselfAgainstBrain-EatingAmoeba?Itdoesn'thappenoften.Butmostsummers,severalAmericans--usuallyhealthy,youngpeople--suffersudden,tragicdeathsfromabrain-eatingamoeba.Whatisthisscarybug?Howdoesitgettothebrain?WhereisitandhowcanIavoidit?WebMDanswerstheseandotherquestions.WhatIsaBrain-EatingAmoeba?Amoebasaresingle-celledorganisms.Theso-calledbrain-eatingamoebaisaspeciesdiscoveredin1965.It'sformalnameisNaegleriafowleri.AlthoughfirstidentifiedinAustralia,thisamoebaisbelievedtohaveevolvedintheU.S.ThereareseveralspeciesofNaegleriabutonlythefowlerispeciescauseshumandisease.Thereareseveralfowlerisubtypes.Allarebelievedequallydangerous.N.fowleriismicroscopic:8micrometersto15micrometersinsize,dependingonitslifestageandenvironment.Bycomparison,ahairis40to50micrometerswide.Likeotheramoebas,Naegleriareproducesbycelldivision.Whenconditionsaren'tright,theamoebasbecomeinactivecysts.Whenconditionsarefavorable,thecyststurnintotrophozoites--thefeedingformoftheamoeba.WhereAreBrain-EatingAmoebasFoun

Naegleria fowleri is a thermophilic, free-living amoeba. It is found in warm and hot freshwater ponds, lakes and rivers, and in the very warm water of hot springs.NaegleriafowleriFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchSpeciesoffree-livingexcavateformofprotistThisarticleisabouttheprotist.Forthedisease,seeNaegleriasis.Foranotherprotistwiththesamecommonname,seeBalamuthiamandrillaris.Thisarticleismissinginformationaboutgenomeassemblies(draftsandoneunpublishedbutfinishedgenomeonNCBI).Pleaseexpandthearticletoincludethisinformation.Furtherdetailsmayexistonthetalkpage.(January2021)NaegleriafowleriLifecyclestagesofNaegleriafowleri:flagellate,trophozoiteandcyst(seenfromupperlefttolowerlefttoright)ScientificclassificationDomain:EukaryotaPhylum:PercolozoaClass:HeteroloboseaOrder:SchizopyrenidaFamily:VahlkampfiidaeGenus:NaegleriaSpecies:N. fowleriBinomialnameNaegleriafowleriCarter(1970)Naegleriafowleri,colloquiallyknownasa"brain-eatingamoeba",isaspeciesofthegenusNaegleria,belongingtothephylumPercolozoa,whichistechnicallynotclassifiedastrueamoeba,butashapeshiftingamoeboflagellateexcavate.[1]Itisafree-living,bacteria-eatingmicroorganismthatcanbepathogenic,causinganextremelyraresudden,severeandusuallyfatalbraininfectioncallednaegleriasisorprimaryamoebicmeningoencephalitis(PAM).[2]Thismicroorganismistypicallyfoundinbodiesofwarmfreshwater,[3]suchasponds,lakes,[4]rivers,hotsprings,[5]warmwaterdischargefromindustrialorpowerplants,[6]geothermalwellwater,[7]poorlymaintainedorminimallychlorinated(under0.5mg/m3residual)swimmingpools,[8]waterheaters,[9]soil,andpipesconnectedtotapwater.[10]Itcanbeseenineitheranamoeboidortemporaryflagellatestage.[11]ThenaegleriasisinfectionhasbeendocumentedinAustraliain1965,[12]Czechoslovakiain1962to1965,[13]USAin2003,2011,2013,and2020,andPakistanin2008.[2]Contents1Etymology2Lifecycle2.1Cyststage2.2Trophozoitestage2.3Flagellate2.4Ecology3Pathogenicity4Treatment5Seealso6References7ExternallinksEtymology[edit]TheorganismwasnamedafterMalcol