Children with ODD and CD have difficulty maintaining appropriate behavioral relationships with peers, family, and authority figures, and they ...PharmacyPracticeAffordableMedicinesComplianceCompoundingDrugApprovalsGeriatricsHospital/HealthSystemIn-PharmacyVaccinesLawMedicationManagementNews&TrendsOTCSpecialtyPharmacyTechnologyDiseaseStateAllergyAutoimmuneBreastCancerCardiovascularCold&FluDermatologyDiabetesGastroenterologyHematologyHIV/AIDSInfectiousDiseaseLungCancerMentalHealthNeurologyOncologyOphthalmologyOrthopedicsPainManagementPediatricsRespiratoryUrology/NephrologyWomen’sHealthVideosPatientTeachingAidPublicationsFeaturedIssueFeaturedSupplementsConferenceCoverageContinuingEducationSubscribeCOVID-19Resources USPharm.2019;44(11):29-32.ABSTRACT:Disruptivebehaviordisordersarepsychiatricconditionsthatinvolvesignificantbehaviorimpairment.Oppositionaldefiantdisorder(ODD)andconductdisorder(CD)areamongthemostcommondisruptivebehaviordisordersinchildrenandadolescents.ChildrenwithODDandCDhavedifficultymaintainingappropriatebehavioralrelationshipswithpeers,family,andauthorityfigures,andtheycommonlydisplayaggressionandanger.Accuratediagnosisisimportantbecauseotherconditionshavesymptomsthatcanmimicthesedisorders.PsychosocialtherapyforODDandCDiscrucial;nomedicationshavebeenFDAapprovedfortheseconditions,althoughstimulants,nonstimulants,antipsychotics,moodstabilizers,andantidepressantshavebeenusedoff-label.Ifnotmanagedpromptly,ODDcanprogresstoCD,whichcouldthentransitiontoantisocialpersonalitydisorder.Disruptivebehaviordisorders arepsychiatricconditionsthatarecharacterizedbysignificantimpairmentsinbehavior.Althoughmostchildrendisplaydisruptivebehaviorsattimes,withDBDsthebehaviorissevereandlastslongerthannormal.Oppositionaldefiantdisorder(ODD)andconductdisorder(CD)areamongthemostcommondisruptivebehaviordisordersinchildrenandadolescents.1Theysharesimilarsymptoms,suchastempertantrums,aggression,anddefiance.ChildrenwithODDexhibitdevelopmentallyinappropriatebehaviorsthatarenegative,de

ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are three of the most prevalent disruptive behavior ...CaseReportsinPsychiatry+JournalMenuPDFJournaloverviewForauthorsForreviewersForeditorsTableofContentsSubmitCaseReportsinPsychiatry/2012/ArticleArticleSectionsOnthispageAbstractIntroductionCase1DiscussionReferencesCopyrightCaseReport|OpenAccessVolume2012|ArticleID520689|https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/520689SayantiGhosh,MausumiSinha,"ADHD,ODD,andCD:DoTheyBelongtoaCommonPsychopathologicalSpectrum?ACaseSeries",CaseReportsinPsychiatry,vol.2012,ArticleID520689,4pages,2012.https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/520689ShowcitationADHD,ODD,andCD:DoTheyBelongtoaCommonPsychopathologicalSpectrum?ACaseSeriesSayantiGhosh1andMausumiSinha11DepartmentofPsychiatry,R.G.KarMedicalCollege,WestBengal,Kolkata700004,IndiaShowmoreAcademicEditor:F.OyebodeReceived10Aug2012Accepted16Sep2012Published11Oct2012PurposeofResearch.Numerousstudieshavereportedcomorbidities,overlappingsymptoms,andsharedriskfactorsamongcasesofattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD),oppositionaldefiantdisorder(ODD)andconductdisorder(CD).Wepresentthreeadolescentmalesaged13–16yearswithconductdisorderhavingpasthistoryofADHDandODD.PrincipalResult.Thesymptomprofileespeciallyindomainsofaggression,hostility,andemotionalityaswellasthemannerofprogressionfromADHDtoODDandCDintheabovecasesshowsasimilarpattern.Conclusion.Thesecommondevelopmentalpathwaysandoverlappingsymptomssuggestthepossibilityofacommonpsychopathologicalspectrumencompassingthethreeexternalizingdisorders.1.IntroductionAttentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD),oppositionaldefiantdisorder(ODD),andconductdisorder(CD)arethreeofthemostprevalentdisruptivebehaviordisordersinchildhoodandadolescenceaffectingapproximately1%–15%ofallschoolagechildrenandconstitutingamajorproportionofreferralstomentalhealthclinics[1,2].Numerousstudieshavereportedcomorbiditiesamongthesedisordersbothinepidemiologicalandclinicalsamples[2–5]oftenmakingthemdifficulttoisolateandunderstandindividually.Inthefollowingcaserepor

The goal of this study is to examine levels of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) in four groups of children: ...Clipboard,SearchHistory,andseveralotheradvancedfeaturesaretemporarilyunavailable.SkiptomainpagecontentCOVID-19isanemerging,rapidlyevolvingsituation.Publichealthinformation(CDC)Researchinformation(NIH)SARS-CoV-2data(NCBI)Preventionandtreatmentinformation(HHS) AccesskeysNCBIHomepageMyNCBIHomepageMainContentMainNavigationSearch:SearchAdvancedClipboardUserGuideSaveEmailSendtoClipboardMyBibliographyCollectionsCitationmanagerDisplayoptionsDisplayoptionsFormatAbstractPubMedPMIDSavecitationtofileFormat:Summary(text)PubMedPMIDAbstract(text)CSVCreatefileCancelEmailcitationSubject:1selecteditem:22420771-PubMedTo:Format:SummarySummary(text)AbstractAbstract(text)MeSHandotherdataSendemailCancelAddtoCollectionsCreateanewcollectionAddtoanexistingcollectionNameyourcollection:Namemustbelessthan100charactersChooseacollection:UnabletoloadyourcollectionduetoanerrorPleasetryagainAddCancelAddtoMyBibliographyMyBibliographyUnabletoloadyourdelegatesduetoanerrorPleasetryagainAddCancelYoursavedsearchNameofsavedsearch:Searchterms:TestsearchtermsWouldyoulikeemailupdatesofnewsearchresults?SavedSearchAlertRadioButtonsYesNoEmail:(change)Frequency:MonthlyWeeklyDailyWhichday?ThefirstSundayThefirstMondayThefirstTuesdayThefirstWednesdayThefirstThursdayThefirstFridayThefirstSaturdayThefirstdayThefirstweekdayWhichday?SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdayReportformat:SummarySummary(text)AbstractAbstract(text)PubMedSendatmost:1item5items10items20items50items100items200itemsSendevenwhentherearen'tanynewresultsOptionaltextinemail:SaveCancelCreateafileforexternalcitationmanagementsoftwareCreatefileCancelYourRSSFeedNameofRSSFeed:Numberofitemsdisplayed:510152050100CreateRSSCancelRSSLinkCopyFulltextlinksFreePMCarticleFulltextlinksActionsCiteFavoritesDisplayoptionsDisplayoptionsFormatAbstractPubMedPMIDSharePermalinkCopyPagenavigationTitle&authorsAbstractFiguresSi

A diagnosis of ODD/CD is made when children or adolescents present with aggression or related behaviors that result in persistent problems, including legal and ...NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutNCBIBookshelf.AserviceoftheNationalLibraryofMedicine,NationalInstitutesofHealth.CommitteetoEvaluatetheSupplementalSecurityIncomeDisabilityProgramforChildrenwithMentalDisorders;BoardontheHealthofSelectPopulations;BoardonChildren,Youth,andFamilies;InstituteofMedicine;DivisionofBehavioralandSocialSciencesandEducation;TheNationalAcademiesofSciences,Engineering,andMedicine;BoatTF,WuJT,editors.MentalDisordersandDisabilitiesAmongLow-IncomeChildren.Washington(DC):NationalAcademiesPress(US);2015Oct28.MentalDisordersandDisabilitiesAmongLow-IncomeChildren.ShowdetailsCommitteetoEvaluatetheSupplementalSecurityIncomeDisabilityProgramforChildrenwithMentalDisorders;BoardontheHealthofSelectPopulations;BoardonChildren,Youth,andFamilies;InstituteofMedicine;DivisionofBehavioralandSocialSciencesandEducation;TheNationalAcademiesofSciences,Engineering,andMedicine;BoatTF,WuJT,editors.Washington(DC):NationalAcademiesPress(US);2015Oct28.ContentsHardcopyVersionatNationalAcademiesPressSearchterm7ClinicalCharacteristicsofOppositionalDefiantDisorderandConductDisorderDIAGNOSISANDASSESSMENTDisruptivebehaviordisorders(DBDs)ofchildhoodincludeattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)(discussedinChapter6),oppositionaldefiantdisorder(ODD),conductdisorder(CD),intermittentexplosivedisorder,anddisruptivebehaviornototherwisespecified.Somenomenclatureshaveaddedanewconditionlabeled“disruptivemooddysregulationdisorder”aswell,althoughalmostnoformalepidemiologicaldataexistonthisrecentaddition.Formally,behaviorsandassociatedconsequencesthat“violatetherightsofothersand/orthatbringtheindividualintosignificantconflictwithsocietalnormsorauthorityfigures”qualifychildrenoradolescentsforthediagnosisofDBD(APA,2013,p.461).OtherthanADHD(whichisaddressedinCh

ODD與CD的區別. 2015-12-23 由 心靈彩虹心理診所 發表于情感. 對立違抗性障礙（ODD）診斷標準的主要特徵. 至少6個月里持續表現出消極的、敵意的和挑釁的 ...對立違抗性障礙（ODD）診斷標準的主要特徵至少6個月里持續表現出消極的、敵意的和挑釁的行為模式，包括以下4項(或更多）的行為表現：1、經常發脾氣；2、經常和成人爭吵；3、經常主動對抗或拒絕聽從成人的要求或規則；4、經常故意激怒他人；5、經常因自己的過失或錯誤而指責他人；6、易怒或容易被他人激怒7、經常生氣或憤慨8、經常懷恨或報復品行障礙（CD）診斷的主要特徵是一種重複地、持久地侵犯他人基本權利或違反適齡社會準則的行為模式，在過去12個月裡明顯表現出以下3條（或更多）行為標準，在過去6個月裡至少出現以下1條標準：攻擊他人和動物1、經常欺負、威脅或恐嚇他人2、經常挑起打架3、用過能致他人嚴重身體傷害的武器（比如：球棒、磚頭、破瓶子、刀或者槍）4、曾經對他人進行身體傷害5、曾經虐待動物6、曾經偷竊或搶劫7、曾強迫他人發生性行為破壞財物8、故意放火，目的是造成嚴重損失9、故意損壞他人財物欺騙或偷竊10、擅自闖入他人房屋、建築物或小車11、經常騙取物品或好處而逃避義務12、偷竊價值不菲的財務，但不造成人身傷害嚴重的違反規定13、在13歲之前，就開始經常不顧父母反對夜也不歸宿14、住在父母家或父母委託人家的時候，至少兩次離家出走在外過夜(或者至少一次很久沒有回家）15、在13歲之前，就開始經常逃學品行障礙與對立違抗性障礙品行障礙與對立違抗性障礙之間有很多重疊之處。

一個引起激烈爭論的話題是，對立違抗性障礙是相對品行障礙的一種獨立障礙，還是較輕度的、早期的品行障礙表現，或者二者都是同一種潛在氣質或缺陷的外化反映。

對立違抗性障礙的特徵一般比品行障礙早出現2、3年前者大約在6歲，後者大約在9歲，因為對立違抗性障礙出現的較早，所以有可能他們是一些兒童發生品行障礙的前兆，但大部分兒童的對立違抗性障礙並不會發展成嚴重的品行障礙——至少50%的兒童只有對立違抗性障礙，而不會繼續發展，還有25%的兒童，其對立違抗性障礙最終會完全消失。

因此，對於大多數兒童而言，對立違抗性障礙是一種極端的發展異常，但並不是更嚴重的品行問題的必然前兆，相反，品行障礙的新案例幾乎總是由對立違抗性障礙發展而來的，而且幾乎所有有品行障礙的兒童都會繼續表現出對立違抗性障礙的特徵。

點我分享到Facebook相關文章如果家裡有女孩子的話要注意她們是否患有注意力缺陷多動症（簡稱：多動症）如果前期家長對這個問題不加以重視後期女孩可能會發展成抑鬱症或焦慮症對大多數女孩來講，如果她表現出5次以上的對立違抗性障礙行為和9次以上的品行障礙行為。

那麼，則需要對她做個評估，看看她是否屬於「小兒多動症」。

所有孩子都會時不時地表現出叛逆行為，但是叛逆的孩子極有可能患有對立違抗性障礙。

對立違抗性障礙表現為:經常生氣,為錯誤責怪他人,為一點小事情就大發脾氣,很容易被惹惱,態度很兇狠。

抽動症醫院的醫師介紹說，抽動症並不是孩子的專利，成年人一樣可以患抽動症，但是大部分成人抽動症都是由小時候延續的，沒有得到及時的治療，導致成年了還有抽動症。

加州大學洛杉磯分校的心理學家在雜誌Pediatrics上發表報告稱，患有注意缺陷多動障礙（ADHD）的女孩與其他同齡女孩相比出現多重精神障礙的風險也較高，並且這也會後續導致早孕、成績差、藥物濫用等情況的出現。

孩子上課無法專心聽講，要麼經常東張西望，小動作不斷；要麼靜靜托腮，神遊八方；回家做作業邊做邊玩，錯漏百出；有些孩子入睡困難，睡眠質量差；早上起床總是叫不醒，自理能力差，整理書包也會丟散落四...我們一般認為這是青春叛逆期的典型表現。

另一次，在機場過安檢，浩浩亂跑，被保安攔住，他一下就被激怒，動手就朝保安打去，父母花了很大功夫他才平靜。

出品:科普中國製作:知我(KnowYourself)心理學科普創作團隊監製:中國科學院計算機網絡信息中心9歲的布蘭登是一個讓父母擔心的孩子。

「我意識到他的不正常是在他2歲時,他會莫名其妙地發脾氣,表現很激烈。

」布蘭登的母親說,但並沒有引起他們的重視。

寶寶注意力不集中，經常被家長認為是兒童多動症。

其實孩子活躍一些是正常的，因為大多數寶寶小時候都是活潑好動的。

這是人類的天性，不是所有人天生就是宅男宅女。

但是如果寶寶身上有這樣的行為，就一定要注意了，寶寶很有可能是得了兒童多動症。

一起

However, most data pertaining to structural morphology do not separately classify pure (ADHD‐only) and comorbid ADHD (ADHD+ODD/CD).SpecialtiesCardiologyArrhythmiasHeartFailureHypertensionInterventionalCardiologyLipidManagementStrokeHematology&OncologyBladderCancerBloodDisordersBreastCancerColorectalCancerLungCancerPancreaticCancerProstateCancerSkinCancerOphthalmologyOrthopedicsNephrologyTimesNeurologyADHDDementiaDepressionRheumatologyGoutOsteoarthritisOsteoporosisPsoriaticArthritisRheumatoidArthritisConferencesTransplantation&CellularTherapyMeetings20212020ConferencesAmericanSocietyofHematology2020FocusedonDiffuseLargeB-CellLymphomaFocusedonChronicLymphocyticLeukemiaFocusedonMyelodysplasticSyndromesFocusedonCLL,MCL,andWMAAO2020KidneyWeek2020TranscatheterCardiovascularTherapeutics2020CHESTAnnualMeeting2020AmericanThoracicSociety2020ConferenceCoverageAmericanCollegeofCardiology2020AmericanHeartAssociationScientificSessions2020ASRS2020HOPA16thAnnualConferenceKnowledgeHubALAmyloidosisAtrialFibrillationAtheroscleroticDisease(CAD/PAD)MultipleMyelomaMultipleSclerosisPrecisionMedicineinProstateCancerVenousThromboembolism(VTE)MultimediaPodcastsVideosUrbanHealthTodayGUOncologyNowSearchDocwireNewsSpecialtiesCardiologyArrhythmiasHeartFailureHypertensionInterventionalCardiologyLipidManagementStrokeHematology&OncologyBladderCancerBloodDisordersBreastCancerColorectalCancerLungCancerPancreaticCancerProstateCancerSkinCancerOphthalmologyOrthopedicsNephrologyTimesNeurologyADHDDementiaDepressionRheumatologyGoutOsteoarthritisOsteoporosisPsoriaticArthritisRheumatoidArthritisConferencesTransplantation&CellularTherapyMeetings20212020ConferencesAmericanSocietyofHematology2020FocusedonDiffuseLargeB-CellLymphomaFocusedonChronicLymphocyticLeukemiaFocusedonMyelodysplasticSyndromesFocusedonCLL,MCL,andWMAAO2020KidneyWeek2020TranscatheterCardiovascularTherapeutics2020CHESTAnnualMeeting2020AmericanThoracicSociety2020ConferenceCoverageAmericanCollegeofCardiology2020AmericanHeartAssociationScientific