SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkNipahVirus(NiV)SectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateTransmissionMinusRelatedPagesNipahvirus(NiV)canspreadtopeoplefrom:Directcontactwithinfectedanimals,suchasbatsorpigs,ortheirbodyfluids(suchasblood,urineorsaliva)Consumingfoodproductsthathavebeencontaminatedbybodyfluidsofinfectedanimals(suchaspalmsaporfruitcontaminatedbyaninfectedbat)ClosecontactwithapersoninfectedwithNiVortheirbodyfluids(includingnasalorrespiratorydroplets,urine,orblood)InthefirstknownNiVoutbreak,peoplewereprobablyinfectedthroughclosecontactwithinfectedpigs.TheNiVstrainidentifiedinthatoutbreakappearedtohavebeentransmittedinitiallyfrombatstopigs,withsubsequentspreadwithinpigpopulations.Thenpeoplewhoworkedcloselywithinfectedpigsbeganfallingill.Noperson-to-persontransmissionwasreportedinthatoutbreak.However,person-to-personspreadofNiVisregularlyreportedinBangladeshandIndia.ThisismostcommonlyseeninthefamiliesandcaregiversofNiV-infectedpatients,andinhealthcaresettings.Transmissionalsooccursfromexposuretofoodproductsthathavebeencontaminatedbyinfectedanimals,includingconsumptionofrawdatepalmsaporfruitthathasbeencontaminatedwithsalivaorurinefrominfectedbats.SomecasesofNiVinfectionhavealsobeenreportedamongpeoplewhoclimbtreeswherebatsoftenroost.Pagelastreviewed:October6,2020Contentsource:CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,NationalCenterforEmergingandZoonoticInfectiousDiseases(NCEZID),DivisionofHigh-ConsequencePathogensandPathology(DHCPP),ViralSpecialPathogensBranch(VSPB)homeNipahVirus(NiV)WhatisNipahVirus?TransmissionSigns&SymptomsDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionResourcesRelatedLinksAboutVSPB(ViralSpecialPathogensBranch)FacebookTwitterLinkedInSASstatsExitNotification/DisclaimerPolicyCloseLinkswiththisiconindicatethatyouareleavingtheCDCwebsite.TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)cannotattesttotheaccuracyofanon-federalwebsite.Linkingtoanon-federalwebsitedoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyCDCoranyofitsemployeesofthespo

LatestnewsNepaltopcourtquashes2018formationofrulingNepalCommunistPartyExplained:MoreCoviddatamaynotmeanmoreunderstandingFarmerkillshimselfatTikri,eighthsuicidesinceprotestbegan14-dayquarantine,eventscancelled:NewvirusoutbreakinEuropestrandsIndianrider,hishorseIndia-Pakthawfacesearlytest:visasforT20WorldCupUjjwalatojumla...whocanbebiggersyndicatethanModi-Shah:MamataAfterRohingyaheldinJammu,kidswaitforparents,motherforsonNowthatfiscalpolicyhascometoforefront,centralbanksneedtostepbackalittle:SajjidZChinoyInternetimperialismbyselectfewisunacceptable:RaviShankarPrasadNotjustMaharashtraandPunjab,dailycasesslopeupwardsinseveralstatesHomeIndiaNipahVirussymptoms,preventionandcure—allyourquestionsansweredNipahVirussymptoms,preventionandcure—allyourquestionsansweredNipahVirus:Thediseasespreadsthroughfruitbatsor‘flyingfoxes,’ofthegenusPteropus,whoarenaturalreservoirhostsoftheNipahandHendraviruses.By:ExpressWebDesk|NewDelhi|Updated:June4,201911:53:40amHumanswhocomeincontactwithinfectedexcreta,eitherthroughthefruitsorpork,cancontractthedisease.Thediseasecanfurtherspreadviahumancontact.(Photo:Wikipedia)HealthcareofficialsinKeralaareontheirtoesafteramalestudentinErnakulamdistrictwasdiagnosedwithNipah.Theinfection,whichcanbetransmittedfromanimals(especiallyfruitbats)tohumans,claimed17livesinthestatelastyear.HowdoesNipahspreadorgettransmitted?Thediseasespreadsthroughfruitbatsor‘flyingfoxes,’ofthegenusPteropus,whoarenaturalreservoirhostsoftheNipahandHendraviruses.Thevirusispresentinbaturineandpotentially,batfaeces,saliva,andbirthingfluids.Presumably,thefirstincidenceofNipahvirusinfectionoccurredwhenpigsinMalaysianfarmscameincontactwiththebatswhohadlosttheirhabitatsduetodeforestation.Furthermore,transmissionbetweenfarmsmaybeduetofomites–orcarryingthevirusonclothing,equipment,boots,vehicles.NipahVirus,whichisazoonoticdisease,wasknowntoaffecthumansinMalaysiaandSingaporeaftercomingindirectcontactwiththeexcretionsorsecretionsofinfectedpigs.ReportsfromoutbreaksinBangladeshsuggesttransmissi

Subsequent investigations in India and Bangladesh have suggested that Nipah virus may have been transmitted from person to person. During an outbreak in ...NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutJournalListEmergInfectDisv.13(7);2007JulPMC2878219EmergInfectDis.2007Jul;13(7):1031–1037.doi: 10.3201/eid1307.061128PMCID:PMC2878219PMID:18214175Person-to-PersonTransmissionofNipahVirusinaBangladeshiCommunityEmilyS.Gurley,*JoelM.Montgomery,†M.JahangirHossain,*MichaelBell,†AbulKalamAzad,‡MohammedRafiqulIslam,‡MohammedAbdurRahimMolla,‡DarinS.Carroll,†ThomasG.Ksiazek,†PaulA.Rota,†LuisLowe,†JamesA.Comer,†PierreRollin,†MarkusCzub,§¶AllenGrolla,§HeinzFeldmann,§¶StephenP.Luby,*†JenniferL.Woodward,#andRobertF.Breiman*†EmilyS.Gurley*ICDDR,B,Dhaka,BangladeshFindarticlesbyEmilyS.GurleyJoelM.Montgomery†CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyJoelM.MontgomeryM.JahangirHossain*ICDDR,B,Dhaka,BangladeshFindarticlesbyM.JahangirHossainMichaelBell†CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyMichaelBellAbulKalamAzad‡MinistryofHealthandFamilyWelfare,Dhaka,BangladeshFindarticlesbyAbulKalamAzadMohammedRafiqulIslam‡MinistryofHealthandFamilyWelfare,Dhaka,BangladeshFindarticlesbyMohammedRafiqulIslamMohammedAbdurRahimMolla‡MinistryofHealthandFamilyWelfare,Dhaka,BangladeshFindarticlesbyMohammedAbdurRahimMollaDarinS.Carroll†CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyDarinS.CarrollThomasG.Ksiazek†CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyThomasG.KsiazekPaulA.Rota†CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyPaulA.RotaLuisLowe†CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyLuisLoweJamesA.Comer†CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyJamesA.ComerPierreRollin†CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyPierreRollinMarkusCzub§PublicHe

Animal to human transmission. The virus, also known as NiV, can spread to humans through “direct contact with infected animals such as bats or .......Doctorsandrelativeswearingprotectivegeardigagravetoburythebodyofavictim,wholosthisbattleagainstthebrain-damagingNipahvirus,inthesouthernIndianstateofKerala,India,May24,2018.(Reuters)Nipahvirus:HowisittransmittedandwhatarethesymptomsFollowFollowedUnfollowURLCopiedJoanneSerrieh,AlArabiyaEnglishPublished:31January,2021:06:37PMGSTUpdated:31January,2021:06:56PMGSTURLCopiedArecentreportbytheAccesstoMedicineFoundationwarnedthatanoutbreakoftheNipahvirusinChinacouldpotentiallybethenextbigpandemicrisk.ForallthelatestheadlinesfollowourGoogleNewschannelonlineorviatheapp.Nipahisaviruswithafatalityrateofupto75percent.Itcanbetransmittedtopeoplefromanimalsandthroughcontaminatedfoodandproduce,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Thedeadlyviruscanalsobetransmittedfromperson-to-person.AnimaltohumantransmissionThevirus,alsoknownasNiV,canspreadtohumansthrough“directcontactwithinfectedanimalssuchasbatsorpigs,ortheirbodyfluids,”includingblood,urineorsaliva,accordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC).Closecontactwithinfectedpigswastheprobablecauseofthefirstknownoutbreak,theCDCsaid.Thestrainidentifiedinthefirstoutbreakwasbelievedtohavespreadfrombatstopigswhichthenspreadwithinpigpopulations.“Peoplewhoworkedcloselywithinfectedpigsbeganfallingill,”theCDCsaid,addingthat“noperson-to-person[cases]werereportedinthatoutbreak.”AnimalHusbandrydepartmentandForestofficialsdepositabatintoacontaineraftercatchingitinsideawellatChangarothinKozhikode,Kerala,onMay21,2018.(AFP)Contaminatedfood,fruits,andvegetablesIffood,fruits,orvegetablesbecomecontaminatedbybodyfluidsofinfectedanimals,thiscanthencausethevirustobetransmittedtohumanswhoconsumethefood,accordingtotheCDC.The“consumptionofrawdatepalmsaporfruitthathasbeencontaminatedwithsalivaorurinefrominfectedbats,”wasoneexamplesharedbytheCDC.Humansclimbingtreeswhere“batsoftenroost”couldalsobeanot

SkiptoMainContentAdvertisementSearchMenuAccountMenuMenuSignInRegisterNavbarSearchFilterThisissueAllTheJournalofInfectiousDiseasesAllIDSAJournalsAllJournalsMobileMicrositeSearchTermSearchSignInRegisterIssuesMoreContentAdvancearticlesEditor'sChoiceSupplementArchiveCoverArchiveIDSAJournalsClinicalInfectiousDiseasesOpenForumInfectiousDiseasesPublishAuthorGuidelinesSubmitOpenAccessPurchaseAdvertiseAdvertisingandCorporateServicesAdvertisingMediakitReprintsandePrintsSponsoredSupplementsBrandedBooksJournalsCareerNetworkAboutAboutTheJournalofInfectiousDiseasesAbouttheInfectiousDiseasesSocietyofAmericaAbouttheHIVMedicineAssociationIDSACOIPolicyEditorialBoardAlertsSelf-ArchivingPolicyForReviewersForPressOfficesIssuesMoreContentAdvancearticlesEditor'sChoiceSupplementArchiveCoverArchiveIDSAJournalsClinicalInfectiousDiseasesOpenForumInfectiousDiseasesPublishAuthorGuidelinesSubmitOpenAccessPurchaseAdvertiseAdvertisingandCorporateServicesAdvertisingMediakitReprintsandePrintsSponsoredSupplementsBrandedBooksJournalsCareerNetworkAboutAboutTheJournalofInfectiousDiseasesAbouttheInfectiousDiseasesSocietyofAmericaAbouttheHIVMedicineAssociationIDSACOIPolicyEditorialBoardAlertsSelf-ArchivingPolicyForReviewersForPressOfficesClosesearchfilterThisissueAllTheJournalofInfectiousDiseasesAllIDSAJournalsAllJournalssearchinputSearchAdvancedSearchSearchMenuSkipNavDestinationArticleNavigationClosemobilesearchnavigationArticleNavigationVolume196Issue615September2007ArticleContentsAcknowledgmentsReferences Next>ArticleNavigationInUteroTransmissionofNipahVirus:RolePlayedbyPregnancyandVerticalTransmissioninHenipavirusEpidemiologyDimiterS.Dimitrov,DimiterS.Dimitrov1ProteinInteractionsGroup,NanobiologyProgram,CenterforCancerResearch,NationalCancerInstituteatFrederick,NationalInstitutesofHealth,,Frederick,Maryland;Reprintsorcorrespondence:Dr.DimiterS.Dimitrov,ProteinInteractionsGroup,CCRNP,NationalCancerInstitute,NIH,POBoxB,Bldg.469,Rm.105,Frederick,MD21702-1201([email protected]).Searchforotherworksbythi

A Nipah virus infection is a viral infection caused by the Nipah virus. Symptoms from infection vary from none to fever, cough, headache, shortness of breath, and ...NipahvirusinfectionFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchDiseasecausedbyNipahvirusNipahvirusinfectionStructureofaHenipavirusSpecialtyInfectiousdisease SymptomsNone,fever,cough,headache,confusion[1]ComplicationsInflammationofthebrain,seizures[2]Usualonset5to14daysafterexposure[1]CausesNipahvirus(spreadbydirectcontact)[3]DiagnosticmethodBasedonsymptoms,confirmedbylaboratorytesting[4]PreventionAvoidingexposuretobatsandtosickpigsandpeople.TreatmentSupportivecareonly[2]Frequency~701humancases(1998toMay2018)[5][6]Deaths~50to75%riskofdeath[5][7]ANipahvirusinfectionisaviralinfectioncausedbytheNipahvirus.[2]Symptomsfrominfectionvaryfromnonetofever,cough,headache,shortnessofbreath,andconfusion.[1][2]Thismayworsenintoacomaoveradayortwo,[1]and50%to75%ofthoseinfecteddie.Complicationscanincludeinflammationofthebrainandseizuresfollowingrecovery.[2]TheNipahvirus(NiV)isatypeofRNAvirusinthegenusHenipavirus.[2]Thevirusnormallycirculatesamongspecifictypesoffruitbats.[2]Itcanbothspreadbetweenpeopleandfromotheranimalstopeople.[2]Spreadtypicallyrequiresdirectcontactwithaninfectedsource.[3]Diagnosisisbasedonsymptomsandconfirmedbylaboratorytesting.[4]Managementisrestrictedtosupportivecare;[2]asof2020[update]thereisneithervaccinenorspecifictreatment.[2]Preventivemeasuresincludeavoidingexposuretobatsandsickpigs,andnotdrinkingrawdatepalmsap.[8]AsofMay2018about700humancasesofNipahviruswereestimatedtohaveoccurred,and50to75percentofthoseinfecteddied.[5][7][6]InMay2018,anoutbreakofthediseasecaused17deathsintheIndianstateofKerala.[9][10][11]Thediseasewasfirstidentifiedin1998byateamofresearchersattheFacultyofMedicine,UniversityofMalayaduringanoutbreakinMalaysia.ThemajorityofthepatientsinMalaysiadiagnosedwiththediseasewerereferredtoandtreatedattheUniversityofMalayaMedicalCentre.Theviruswasisolatedandidentifiedin199

NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutJournalListEmergInfectDisv.12(12);2006DecPMC3291367EmergInfectDis.2006Dec;12(12):1888–1894.doi: 10.3201/eid1212.060732PMCID:PMC3291367PMID:17326940FoodborneTransmissionofNipahVirus,BangladeshStephenP.Luby,*MahmudurRahman,†M.JahangirHossain,*LaurenS.Blum,*M.MushtaqHusain,†EmilyGurley,*RashedaKhan,*Be-NazirAhmed,†ShafiqurRahman,†NazmunNahar,*EbenKenah,*JamesA.Comer,‡andThomasG.Ksiazek‡StephenP.Luby*InternationalCentreforDiarrhealDiseaseResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyStephenP.LubyMahmudurRahman†InstituteforEpidemiologyDiseaseControlandResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyMahmudurRahmanM.JahangirHossain*InternationalCentreforDiarrhealDiseaseResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyM.JahangirHossainLaurenS.Blum*InternationalCentreforDiarrhealDiseaseResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyLaurenS.BlumM.MushtaqHusain†InstituteforEpidemiologyDiseaseControlandResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyM.MushtaqHusainEmilyGurley*InternationalCentreforDiarrhealDiseaseResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyEmilyGurleyRashedaKhan*InternationalCentreforDiarrhealDiseaseResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyRashedaKhanBe-NazirAhmed†InstituteforEpidemiologyDiseaseControlandResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyBe-NazirAhmedShafiqurRahman†InstituteforEpidemiologyDiseaseControlandResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyShafiqurRahmanNazmunNahar*InternationalCentreforDiarrhealDiseaseResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyNazmunNaharEbenKenah*InternationalCentreforDiarrhealDiseaseResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;FindarticlesbyEbenKenahJamesA.Comer‡CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyJamesA.ComerThomasG.Ksiazek‡CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,Atlanta,Georgia,USAFindarticlesbyThomasG.KsiazekAuthorinformationCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimer*InternationalCentreforDiarrhealDiseaseResearch,Dhaka,Bangladesh;†InstituteforEpidemiologyDiseaseContro

The deadly Nipah virus, which is carried by bats and occasionally infects people, is more likely to be transmitted from person to person when ...12HowNipahvirusspreadsfrompersontoperson:Lessonsfrom14yearsofinvestigationsDate:May9,2019Source:JohnsHopkinsUniversityBloombergSchoolofPublicHealthSummary:ThedeadlyNipahvirus,whichiscarriedbybatsandoccasionallyinfectspeople,ismorelikelytobetransmittedfrompersontopersonwhentheinfectedpatientisolder,maleand/orhasbreathingdifficulties,accordingtoanewstudy.Share:FULLSTORYThedeadlyNipahvirus,whichiscarriedbybatsandoccasionallyinfectspeople,ismorelikelytobetransmittedfrompersontopersonwhentheinfectedpatientisolder,maleand/orhasbreathingdifficulties,accordingtoastudyco-ledbyscientistsattheJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth.advertisementThestudy,publishedMay9intheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,is,todate,themostcomprehensiveevaluationofperson-to-persontransmissionduringNipahvirusoutbreaks.Theseoutbreaks,allinAsia,havebeenrelativelysmalltodate,butthefatalityratesattheoutbreaklevelhavebeenveryhigh,rangingfrom40to100percent.EpidemiologistsfearthatNipahvirus,adistantcousinofthemeaslesvirus,couldmutatetobecomemuchmoreinfectiousamonghumansandcauseacatastrophicpandemic.Thefindingssuggestthatreducingexposuretorespiratorysecretionsfrominfectedpatientsshouldbeapriorityinfutureoutbreakresponses."Ashealthsystemsevolveandpatientsgetmorehands-oncarefromclinicalstaffandundergomoreinvasiveproceduresinplaceswhereNipahvirusoutbreaksoccur,theremaybeopportunitiesforwidertransmissioninhospitals,"saysstudyco-seniorauthorEmilyGurley,PhD,associatescientistintheDepartmentofEpidemiologyattheBloombergSchool."Byunderstandingthefactorsthatinfluencetransmission,wecanreduceourfuturevulnerabilitytothisdangerouspathogen."Nipahviruswasfirstidentifiedin1999followinganoutbreakinMalaysiathatledtothedeathsofmorethan100peopleinapig-farmingregionandthecullingofmorethanamillionpigsfromlocalfarms.Nipahvirus'principalanimalhostsarefruitbatsthatarefoundwidelythroughoutmuc

Togiveyouthebestpossibleexperience,thissiteusescookies.Ifyoucontinuebrowsing,youacceptouruseofcookies.Youcanreviewourprivacypolicytofindoutmoreaboutthecookiesweuse.NipahVirusPhotoBy:CarolScottDescriptionNipahVirus(NiV)isaviralinfectioncausedbytheHenipavirusgenusbelongingtotheParamyxovidaefamily.Itisazoonosis–ananimaldiseasethatcanspreadtohumans–transmittedbyinfectedfruitbats(Pteropus).Batscantransmitthevirusthroughinfectedairdroplets,saliva,andexcrement.Animalscanbecomeinfectedbyeatingfoodcontaminatedbybatsandcantransmitthevirustootheranimals,includinghumans.HumancaseshaveoccurredaftercontactwithrespiratorysecretionsandtissuesfromNiV-infectedpigs.Transmissioncanalsooccurbydrinkingrawdatepalmsapcontaminatedwithinfectedbatexcretions.PersontopersontransmissionofNiVoccurswhencomingintocontactwiththebloodandbodilysecretionsofinfectedpersonsorcadaverswithoutproperinfectioncontrolgear(masks,gloves,andgowns)orcomingindirectcontactwithunsterilizedmedicalinstruments,infectedbloodproductsandorgans.RiskRiskofNipahVirusispresentinSouthEastAsiaandMadagascar.Caveexplorersandminingworkersareathigherriskofexposure.Personsworkinginhealthcaresettingsarealsoatgreaterrisk,especiallyifworkinginunhygienicconditionsandadequateprotectiveequipmentisnotavailable.SymptomsInsomecases,theinfectionisasymptomatic–personsdonotexhibitsymptoms.Thosewithsymptomsusuallybecomeill4to14daysafterexposure.Flu-likesymptomsoffever,sorethroat,vomiting,headaches,andmusclepainoccurfor3to14daysandarefollowedbyneurologicalsymptomssuchasdrowsiness,confusion,anddisorientation.Inseverecases,theinfectioncancauseseizuresandthebraintoswell,leadingtoacomawithin24to48hours.Inapproximately20%ofpatientsthatrecover,neurologicalsymptomscanpersistsuchasseizuresorchangedpersonality.Currently,supportivecareofsymptomsistheonlywaytotreattheinfection.PreventionTravellersgoingtoaffectedareasshouldrefrainfromvisitinghouseholdsorhealthcaresettingsthathavebeenaffectedbyaNipahVirusoutbreak.Thosewhocareforpatientswithsuspectedorconfirmed

Nipah Virus (NiV) is a viral infection caused by the Henipavirus genus ... Bats can transmit the virus through infected air droplets, saliva, and ...Togiveyouthebestpossibleexperience,thissiteusescookies.Ifyoucontinuebrowsing,youacceptouruseofcookies.Youcanreviewourprivacypolicytofindoutmoreaboutthecookiesweuse.NipahVirusPhotoBy:CarolScottDescriptionNipahVirus(NiV)isaviralinfectioncausedbytheHenipavirusgenusbelongingtotheParamyxovidaefamily.Itisazoonosis–ananimaldiseasethatcanspreadtohumans–transmittedbyinfectedfruitbats(Pteropus).Batscantransmitthevirusthroughinfectedairdroplets,saliva,andexcrement.Animalscanbecomeinfectedbyeatingfoodcontaminatedbybatsandcantransmitthevirustootheranimals,includinghumans.HumancaseshaveoccurredaftercontactwithrespiratorysecretionsandtissuesfromNiV-infectedpigs.Transmissioncanalsooccurbydrinkingrawdatepalmsapcontaminatedwithinfectedbatexcretions.PersontopersontransmissionofNiVoccurswhencomingintocontactwiththebloodandbodilysecretionsofinfectedpersonsorcadaverswithoutproperinfectioncontrolgear(masks,gloves,andgowns)orcomingindirectcontactwithunsterilizedmedicalinstruments,infectedbloodproductsandorgans.RiskRiskofNipahVirusispresentinSouthEastAsiaandMadagascar.Caveexplorersandminingworkersareathigherriskofexposure.Personsworkinginhealthcaresettingsarealsoatgreaterrisk,especiallyifworkinginunhygienicconditionsandadequateprotectiveequipmentisnotavailable.SymptomsInsomecases,theinfectionisasymptomatic–personsdonotexhibitsymptoms.Thosewithsymptomsusuallybecomeill4to14daysafterexposure.Flu-likesymptomsoffever,sorethroat,vomiting,headaches,andmusclepainoccurfor3to14daysandarefollowedbyneurologicalsymptomssuchasdrowsiness,confusion,anddisorientation.Inseverecases,theinfectioncancauseseizuresandthebraintoswell,leadingtoacomawithin24to48hours.Inapproximately20%ofpatientsthatrecover,neurologicalsymptomscanpersistsuchasseizuresorchangedpersonality.Currently,supportivecareofsymptomsistheonlywaytotreattheinfection.PreventionTravellersgoingtoaffected