HygieneEducationHealthEducationHomeHygieneEducationScrubTyphus恙蟲病(英文)HygieneEducationHealthEducationScrubTyphus恙蟲病(英文)文章分享Home分享至FaceBook分享至LineQrcode列印下載A-A+ScrubTyphus恙蟲病(英文)2021/3/24TheChineseidiom“Hopethatyouarefreefromscrubtyphus”(別來無恙)isagreetingforhealth.AsearlyastheJindynasty,GeHonghadmentionedthattheillnesswasprevalentinsouthernChina,whichwascalledthesandlousefever.Scrubtyphus,alsoknownasbushtyphus,isafebrileorexanthematousillnesstransmittedby"tsutsugamushi"andcarriesOrientiatsutsugamushi.Anacutefebrileailmentinwhichthehostisinfectedwithrickettsiaafterbeingbittenbythetsutsugamushithroughitssaliva.Ratsarethemostcommonhostsofscrubtyphus.EtiologySpecifically,scrubtyphusistransmittedmainlythroughcertainspeciesoftsutsugamushi,especiallyLeptotrombidiumdeliense,orsandflea,whichlivesmainlyindenseshrubvegetation.OtherrelatedvarietiesincludeL.akamushi,L.arenicola,L.fletcheri,L.pallidum,andL.pavlovsky.Oncebitten,thetsutsugamushileavesadistinctiveblackescharontheskin,usefulfordoctorstodiagnose.ClinicalSymptomsSudden,persistenthighfever(39°C),headache,backpain,chills,nightsweats,enlargedlymphnodes,redmaculopapularrashesontheskinoneweeklater,andsometimeswithpneumonia.Apainlessescharappearsonthebiteofthetsutsugamushi.Theincubationperiodisusually9-12days,andabout50-80%ofpatientscanfindablack,ulcerativeescharatthebiteofthetsutsugamushi,mostlypainless,aswellaslocal"lymphglandinflammationandenlargement."Redmaculopapularrashesappearonthetrunk4-5daysafterfever,andthenspreadtothelimbsandface.Thesymptomsubsides9or10dayslater;headacheormusclepain,excessivesweating,conjunctivalcongestion,coughandgastrointestinalproblems.ComplicationsWithoutpropertreatment,severebleedingorintravascularcoagulationmayleadtodecreasedbloodpressure,unconsciousness,pneumonia,encephalitis,myocarditisandothercomplications,orshock,withamortalityrateof1-60%.PreventionThetsutsugamushilikestogrowonwetsoilandonthetipofweeds.AccordingtothestatisticsoftheMinistryofHealthandWelfare,morethan2,000casesofscrubtyphusha