DSM Diagnostic Criteria. The DSM-5 characterizes ASD by two primary symptoms: impairments in social communication and fixated or restricted behaviors or ...SkiptomaincontentBoundlessPsychologyPsychologicalDisordersSearchfor:NeurodevelopmentalDisordersIntellectualDisabilitiesIntellectualdisabilitiesareneurodevelopmentaldisorderscharacterizedbysignificantlyimpairedintellectualandadaptivefunctioning.LearningObjectivesSummarizethediagnosticcriteria,etiology,andtreatmentofintellectualdisabilitiesKeyTakeawaysKeyPointsIntellectualdisabilityischaracterizedbyanintelligencequotient(IQ)scorebelow70aswellasdeficitsintwoormoreadaptivebehaviorsthataffecteverydaylife.Thesecharacteristicsbecameapparentinchildhoodoradolescence.Intellectualdisabilitycanbeeithersyndromic(theintellectualdeficitsareassociatedwithothermedicalandbehavioralsignsandsymptoms)ornon-syndromic(theintellectualdeficitsappearwithoutanyotherabnormalities).Amongchildren,30%to50%ofintellectualdisabilitiesareofunknowncause.Genetics,eventsduringpregnancy,andenvironmentalfactorsareallthoughttobepossiblecontributors.Currently,thereisno“cure”foranintellectualdisability.However, withappropriatesupportandteaching,manyindividualscanlearntolivefulfilling,productivelives.KeyTermsintelligencequotient:Ascorederivedfromoneofseveralstandardizedtestsdesignedtoassesshumanintelligence.Downsyndrome:Ageneticdisordercausedbythepresenceofallorpartofathirdcopyofchromosome21,associatedwithphysicalgrowthdelays,certaincharacteristicfacialfeatures,andmildtomoderateintellectualdisability.neurodevelopmental:Relatedtothegrowthanddevelopmentofthebrainorcentralnervoussystem.DefiningIntellectualDisabilityAnintellectualdisabilityisageneralizedneurodevelopmentaldisordercharacterizedbysignificantlyimpairedintellectualandadaptivefunctioning.Itisdefinedbyanintelligencequotient(IQ)scorebelow70inadditiontodeficitsintwoormoreadaptivebehaviorsthataffectanindividual’severydaylife.Intellectualdisabilitywasknownas“mentalretardation”untiltheendofthe20thcentury.