1–5 years (peak. incidence. between two and three years) · Radial head. subluxation is the most common. elbow. injury in children under 5 years ...ExpandallsectionsRegister/LoginTrustedmedicalexpertiseinseconds.Access1,000+clinicalandpreclinicalarticles.Findanswersfastwiththehigh-poweredsearchfeatureandclinicaltools.Tryfreefor5daysEvidence-basedcontent,createdandpeer-reviewedbyphysicians.Readthedisclaimer.RadialheadsubluxationLastupdated:November23,2020SummaryRadialheadsubluxation(commonlyreferredtoas“pulledelbow”or“nursemaid'selbow”)referstothepartialdislocationoftheheadoftheradiusattheleveloftheradio-humeraljoint.Theinjurymostcommonlyoccursinyoungchildrenaftersuddentuggingoftheoutstretchedandpronatedarm(e.g.,adultssuddenlypullingachild'sarmtokeepitfromfalling).Clinicalsignsincludepainfulandlimitedmovementoftheupperextremityandguarding,withthearmheldinaflexedandpronatedposition.Thediagnosisisoftenmadebasedontypicalsymptomsandthereforex-rayimagingisgenerallynotrequired.Managementisusuallyconservativeandinvolvesclosed,manualreductionoftheradialhead.Thereductioncanbecarriedoutinanoutpatientsettinganddoesnotrequireanyimmobilizationoftheelboworfurthersurgicaltreatment.DefinitionSubluxationoftheradialhead,facilitatedbytheweaknessoftheimmatureannularligament,causingtheradiustoslipoutoftheannularligamentandtheannularligamenttobecomeentrappedwithinthehumeroradialjoint[1][2]EpidemiologyAge1–5years(peakincidencebetweentwoandthreeyears)[3][4]Radialheadsubluxationisthemostcommonelbowinjuryinchildrenunder5yearsofageandoccursexclusivelyinthisagegroup.[5]Sex:♀>♂[4][6]RiskfactorsPrevioushistoryofradialheadsubluxation[3][6]Obesity[4]EpidemiologicaldatareferstotheUS,unlessotherwisespecified.EtiologyTraumatic(mostcommon)Suddenaxialtractionofthepronatedandextendedforearm[7]Typicalactivities:adultquicklypullsupafallingchildbythehand;,swingsachildbythehands,ordragsachildbythearm(hencetheterm“nursemaid'selbow”)[8][9]Congenitalstructuralabnormalities:e.g.,collagenabnormalities,abnormalendo