Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most aggressive type of cancer that begins within the brain. Initially, signs and symptoms of ...GlioblastomaFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchAggressivetypeofbraincancerGlioblastomaOthernamesGlioblastomamultiforme,gradeIVastrocytomaCoronalMRIwithcontrastofaglioblastomaina15-year-oldmaleSpecialtyOncology,neurosurgerySymptomsInitiallynonspecific,headaches,personalitychanges,nausea,symptomssimilartoastroke[1]Usualonset~64yearsold[2][3]CausesUsuallyunclear[2]RiskfactorsGeneticdisorders(neurofibromatosis,Li–Fraumenisyndrome),previousradiationtherapy[2][3]DiagnosticmethodCTscan,MRIscan,tissuebiopsy[1]PreventionUnknown[3]TreatmentSurgery,chemotherapy,radiation[3]MedicationTemozolomide,steroids[1][4]PrognosisLifeexpectancy~14monthswithtreatment(5yearsurvival<7%)[2][5]Frequency3per100,000peryear[3]Glioblastoma,alsoknownasglioblastomamultiforme(GBM),isthemostaggressivetypeofcancerthatbeginswithinthebrain.[6]Initially,signsandsymptomsofglioblastomaarenonspecific.[1]Theymayincludeheadaches,personalitychanges,nausea,andsymptomssimilartothoseofastroke.[1]Symptomsoftenworsenrapidlyandmayprogresstounconsciousness.[2]Thecauseofmostcasesofglioblastomaisnotknown.[2]Uncommonriskfactorsincludegeneticdisorders,suchasneurofibromatosisandLi–Fraumenisyndrome,andpreviousradiationtherapy.[2][3]Glioblastomasrepresent15%ofallbraintumors.[1]Theycaneitherstartfromnormalbraincellsordevelopfromanexistinglow-gradeastrocytoma.[7]ThediagnosistypicallyismadebyacombinationofaCTscan,MRIscan,andtissuebiopsy.[1]Thereisnoknownmethodofpreventingthecancer.[3]Treatmentusuallyinvolvessurgery,afterwhichchemotherapyandradiationtherapyareused.[3]Themedicationtemozolomideisfrequentlyusedaspartofchemotherapy.[3][4][8]High-dosesteroidsmaybeusedtohelpreduceswellinganddecreasesymptoms.[1]Greatersurgicalremovalofthetumorislinkedtolongersurvival.[9]Despitemaximumtreatment,thecancerusuallyrecurs.[3]Thetypicaldurationofsurvivalfol