Life Cycle | exo-erythrocytic phase of the life cycle of malaria parasite occurs in the

The malaria parasite has a complex, multistage life cycle occurring within ... the sporozoites partially develop into exoerythrocytic stages[6] and may also ...HomeTheDiseaseLifeCycleLifeCycleThemalariaparasitehasacomplex,multistagelifecycleoccurringwithintwolivingbeings,thevectormosquitoesandthevertebratehosts.Thesurvivalanddevelopmentoftheparasitewithintheinvertebrateandvertebratehosts,inintracellularandextracellularenvironments,ismadepossiblebyatoolkitofmorethan5,000genesandtheirspecializedproteinsthathelptheparasitetoinvadeandgrowwithinmultiplecelltypesandtoevadehostimmuneresponses.[1,2]Theparasitepassesthroughseveralstagesofdevelopmentsuchasthesporozoites(Gr.Sporos=seeds;theinfectiousforminjectedbythemosquito),merozoites(Gr.Meros=piece;thestageinvadingtheerythrocytes),trophozoites(Gr.Trophes=nourishment;theformmultiplyinginerythrocytes),andgametocytes(sexualstages)andallthesestageshavetheirownuniqueshapesandstructuresandproteincomplements.Thesurfaceproteinsandmetabolicpathwayskeepchangingduringthesedifferentstages,thathelptheparasitetoevadetheimmuneclearance,whilealsocreatingproblemsforthedevelopmentofdrugsandvaccines.[2]LifeCycleofMalariaParasite[Source]MoreImages:1,2,3VideoDepictingtheLifeCycleofMalariaparasiteAlsoSee:AnimationfromHHMI,AnimationfromMcGrawHillSporogonyWithintheMosquitoes:Mosquitoesarethedefinitivehostsforthemalariaparasites,whereinthesexualphaseoftheparasite’slifecycleoccurs.Thesexualphaseiscalledsporogonyandresultsinthedevelopmentofinnumerableinfectingformsoftheparasitewithinthemosquitothatinducediseaseinthehumanhostfollowingtheirinjectionwiththemosquitobite.WhenthefemaleAnophelesdrawsabloodmealfromanindividualinfectedwithmalaria,themaleandfemalegametocytesoftheparasitefindtheirwayintothegutofthemosquito.Themolecularandcellularchangesinthegametocyteshelptheparasitetoquicklyadjusttotheinsecthostfromthewarm-bloodedhumanhostandthentoinitiatethesporogoniccycle.Themaleandfemalegametesfuseinthemosquitoguttoformzygotes,whichsubsequentlydevelopintoac


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