Murine typhus, also known as endemic typhus or flea-borne typhus, is a form of typhus transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats, in contrast to ...MurinetyphusFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchThisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Murinetyphus" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(January2019)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage)MedicalconditionMurinetyphusOthernamesEndemictyphusChestXrayofa40yroldmaleinacuterespiratorydistresssyndromeasacomplicationofmurinetyphusSpecialtyInfectiousdiseaseMurinetyphus,alsoknownasendemictyphusorflea-bornetyphus,isaformoftyphustransmittedbyfleas(Xenopsyllacheopis),usuallyonrats,incontrasttoepidemictyphuswhichisusuallytransmittedbylice.[1][2][3]Murinetyphusisanunder-recognizedentity,asitisoftenconfusedwithviralillnesses.Mostpeoplewhoareinfecteddonotrealizethattheyhavebeenbittenbyfleas.Historicallyterm"hunger-typhus"wasusedforinstanceinaccountsbyBritishPOWsinGermanyattheendofWorldWarIwhentheydescribedconditionsinGermany.[citationneeded]Contents1Signsandsymptoms2Causes3Diagnosis4Treatment5Seealso6References7ExternallinksSignsandsymptoms[edit]Symptomsofendemictyphusincludeheadache,fever,musclepain,jointpain,nauseaandvomiting.40–50%ofpatientswilldevelopadiscreterashsixdaysaftertheonsetofsigns.Upto45%willdevelopneurologicalsignssuchasconfusion,stupor,seizuresorimbalance.Symptomsmayresemblethoseofmeasles,rubella,orpossiblyRockyMountainspottedfever.Thesesymptomsarelikelycausedbyavasculitiscausedbytherickettsia.Causes[edit]ItiscausedbythebacteriumRickettsiatyphi,andistransmittedbythefleasthatinfestrats.Whileratfleasarethemostcommonvectors,catfleasandmousefleasarelesscommonmodesoftransmission.Thesefleasarenotaffectedbytheinfection.Humaninfectionoccursbecauseofflea-fecalcontaminationofthebitesonhumanskin.Rats,cats,opossumsmaintaintherickettsiacolonizationbypro