Osteochondromas are the most common benign tumors of the bones. ... The tumors take the form of cartilage-capped bony projections or outgrowth on the surface of ...OsteochondromaFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchMedicalconditionOsteochondromaOthernamesOsteocartilaginousexostosesLateralradiographofthekneedemonstratingossificationintheperitendinoustissuesinapatientwithosteochondroma.SpecialtyOrthopedicsOsteochondromasarethemostcommonbenigntumorsofthebones.[1][2]Thetumorstaketheformofcartilage-cappedbonyprojectionsoroutgrowthonthesurfaceofbonesexostoses.[3][4]Itischaracterizedasatypeofovergrowththatcanoccurinanybonewherecartilageformsbone.Tumorsmostcommonlyaffectlongbonesaboutthekneeandintheforearm.[1][3]Additionally,flatbonessuchasthepelvisandscapula(shoulderblade)maybeaffected.[5]Hereditarymultipleexostosesusuallypresentduringchildhood.Yet,thevastmajorityofaffectedindividualsbecomeclinicallymanifestbythetimetheyreachadolescence.[3][6]Osteochondromasoccurin3%ofthegeneralpopulationandrepresent35%ofallbenigntumorsand8%ofallbonetumors.Themajorityofthesetumorsaresolitarynon-hereditarylesionsandapproximately15%ofosteochondromasoccurashereditarymultipleexostosespreferablyknownashereditarymultipleosteochondromas(HMOs).[4][7]Osteochondromasdonotresultfrominjuryandtheexactcauseremainsunknown.Recentresearchhasindicatedthatmultipleosteochondromasisanautosomaldominantinheriteddisease.GermlinemutationsinEXT1andEXT2geneslocatedonchromosomes8and11havebeenassociatedwiththecauseofthedisease.[8]Thetreatmentchoiceforosteochondromaissurgicalremovalofsolitarylesionorpartialexcisionoftheoutgrowth,whensymptomscausemotionlimitationsornerveandbloodvesselimpingements.[4][7]Inhereditarymultipleexostosestheindicationsofsurgeryarebaseduponmultiplefactorsthataretakencollectively,namely:patient'sage,tumorlocationandnumber,accompanyingsymptomatology,estheticconcerns,familyhistoryandunderlyinggenemutation.[1][3]Avarietyofsurgicalprocedureshavebeenemployedtoremedyhereditarym