Pathology · type 1: sliding hiatal hernia (~95%) · type 2: paraesophageal hiatal hernia with the gastro-esophageal junction in a normal position · type 3: mixed or ...×ArticlesLogInCasesSignUpCoursesQuizDonateAbout×MenuSearchADVERTISEMENT:Radiopaediaisfreethankstooursupportersandadvertisers.BecomeaGoldSupporterandseenoads.ArticlesCasesCoursesLogInLoginSignup{"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}ArticlesCasesCoursesQuizAboutRecentEditsGoad-freeSearchHiatusherniaDrMohammadTaghiNiknejad◉andAbhiDatiretal.Hiatushernias(alternativeplural:herniae) occurwhenthereisherniationofabdominalcontentsthroughtheesophagealhiatusofthediaphragm intothethoraciccavity.Onthispage:Article:EpidemiologyClinicalpresentationPathologyRadiographicfeaturesTreatmentandprognosisDifferentialdiagnosisSeealsoRelatedarticlesReferencesImages:CasesandfiguresImagingdifferentialdiagnosisEpidemiologyTheprevalenceofhiatusherniaincreaseswithage,withaslightfemalepredilection.ClinicalpresentationManypatientswithhiatusherniaareasymptomatic,anditisanincidentalfinding.However,symptomsmayincludeepigastricorchestpain,postprandialfullness,nauseaandvomiting3. Sometimeshiatusherniasareconsideredsynonymouswithgastro-esophagealrefluxdisease(GERD),butthereisapoorcorrelationbetweenthetwoconditions.PathologyThemostcommoncontentofahiatusherniaisthestomach. Therearetwomaintypesofhiatushernia(althoughtheymayco-exist):slidinghiatushernia (>90%)rolling(para-esophageal)hiatushernia (<10%)Somedividethemintofourtypes:type1:slidinghiatalhernia(~95%)type2:paraesophagealhiatalherniawiththegastro-esophagealjunctioninanormalpositiontype3:mixedorcompoundtype,paraesophagealhiatalherniawithdisplacedgastro-esophagealjunctiontype4:mixedorcompoundtypehiatalherniawithadditionalherniationofvisceraSubtypesSlidinghiatusherniaThisisthemostcommontypeofhiatushernia(~90%).Thegastro-esophagealjunction(GEJ) isusuallydisplaced>2cmabovetheesophagealhiatus.Theesophagealhiatusisoftenabnormallywidenedto3-4cm(theupperlimitofnormalis1.5cm).Und