ScrubtyphusFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchDiseasecausedbyO.tsutsugamushiMedicalconditionScrubtyphusOthernamesBushtyphusOrientiatsutsugamushiSpecialtyInfectiousdiseaseScrubtyphusorbushtyphusisaformoftyphuscausedbytheintracellularparasiteOrientiatsutsugamushi,aGram-negativeα-proteobacteriumoffamilyRickettsiaceaefirstisolatedandidentifiedin1930inJapan.[1][2]Althoughthediseaseissimilarinpresentationtootherformsoftyphus,itspathogenisnolongerincludedingenusRickettsiawiththetyphusbacteriaproper,butinOrientia.Thediseaseisthusfrequentlyclassifiedseparatelyfromtheothertyphi.Contents1Signsandsymptoms2Causes3Diagnosis4Treatment5Vaccine6History7Seealso8References9ExternallinksSignsandsymptoms[edit]Signsandsymptomsincludefever,headache,musclepain,cough,andgastrointestinalsymptoms.MorevirulentstrainsofO.tsutsugamushicancausehemorrhagingandintravascularcoagulation.Morbilliformrash,eschar,splenomegaly,andlymphadenopathiesaretypicalsigns.Leukopeniaandabnormalliverfunctiontestsarecommonlyseenintheearlyphaseoftheillness.Pneumonitis,encephalitis,andmyocarditisoccurinthelatephaseofillness.IthasparticularlybeenshowntobethemostcommoncauseofacuteencephalitissyndromeinBihar,India.[3]Causes[edit]Scrubtyphusistransmittedbysomespeciesoftrombiculidmites("chiggers",particularlyLeptotrombidiumdeliense),[4]whicharefoundinareasofheavyscrubvegetation.Themitesfeedoninfectedrodenthostsandsubsequentlytransmittheparasitetootherrodentsandhumans.Thebiteofthismiteleavesacharacteristicblackescharthatisusefultothedoctorformakingthediagnosis.[citationneeded]Scrubtyphusisendemictoapartoftheworldknownasthetsutsugamushitriangle(afterO.tsutsugamushi).[2]ThisextendsfromnorthernJapanandfar-easternRussiainthenorth,totheterritoriesaroundtheSolomonSeaintonorthernAustraliainthesouth,andtoPakistanandAfghanistaninthewest.[5]ItmayalsobeendemicinpartsofSouthAmerica.[6]Thepreciseincidenceofthediseaseisunknown,asdiagnosticfacilitiesarenotavailableinmuchofitslargenativerange,whichspansvastregionso