Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is characterized by a triad of fever, tonsillar pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy. It was initially described as ...

Infectious mononucleosis should be suspected in patients 10 to 30 years of age who present with sore throat and significant fatigue, palatal ...Advertisement<< PreviousarticleNextarticle >>Oct1,2004Issue  Epstein-BarrVirusInfectiousMononucleosis Amorerecentarticleonthistopicisavailable.MARKH.EBELL,M.D,M.S.,Athens,GeorgiaAmFamPhysician. 2004 Oct 1;70(7):1279-1287. PatientInformationHandoutAbstractEtiologyandPathophysiologyDiagnosisTreatmentReferencesArticleSectionsAbstractEtiologyandPathophysiologyDiagnosisTreatmentReferencesInfectiousmononucleosisshouldbesuspectedinpatients10to30yearsofagewhopresentwithsorethroatandsignificantfatigue,palatalpetechiae,posteriorcervicalorauricularadenopathy,markedadenopathy,oringuinaladenopathy.Anatypicallymphocytosisofatleast20percentoratypicallymphocytosisofatleast10percentpluslymphocytosisofatleast50percentstronglysupportsthediagnosis,asdoesapositiveheterophileantibodytest.False-negativeresultsofheterophileantibodytestsarerelativelycommonearlyinthecourseofinfection.Patientswithnegativeresultsmayhaveanotherinfection,suchastoxoplasmosis,streptococcalinfection,cytomegalovirusinfection,oranotherviralinfection.Symptomatictreatment,themainstayofcare,includesadequatehydration,analgesics,antipyretics,andadequaterest.Bedrestshouldnotbeenforced,andthepatient’senergylevelshouldguideactivity.Corticosteroids,acyclovir,andantihistaminesarenotrecommendedforroutinetreatmentofinfectiousmononucleosis,althoughcorticosteroidsmaybenefitpatientswithrespiratorycompromiseorseverepharyngealedema.Patientswithinfectiousmononucleosisshouldbewithdrawnfromcontactorcollisionsportsforatleastfourweeksaftertheonsetofsymptoms.Fatigue,myalgias,andneedforsleepmaypersistforseveralmonthsaftertheacuteinfectionhasresolved.InfectiousmononucleosisisaclinicalsyndromecausedbyEpstein-Barrvirus(EBV)thatisparticularlycommoninadolescentsandchildren.Typicalfeaturesofinfectiousmononucleosisincludefever,pharyngitis,adenopathy,malaise,andanatypicallymphocytosis.Splenomegaly,hepatomeg

NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutTryoutPMCLabsandtelluswhatyouthink.LearnMore.JournalListClinTranslImmunologyv.4(2);2015FebPMC4346501ClinTranslImmunology.2015Feb;4(2):e33.Publishedonline2015Feb27.doi: 10.1038/cti.2015.1PMCID:PMC4346501PMID:25774295InfectiousmononucleosisHenryHBalfour,Jr,1,2,*SamanthaKDunmire,1andKristinAHogquist1HenryHBalfour,Jr1DepartmentofLaboratoryMedicineandPathology,UniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,Minneapolis,MN,USA2DepartmentofPediatrics,UniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,Minneapolis,MN,USAFindarticlesbyHenryHBalfour,JrSamanthaKDunmire1DepartmentofLaboratoryMedicineandPathology,UniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,Minneapolis,MN,USAFindarticlesbySamanthaKDunmireKristinAHogquist1DepartmentofLaboratoryMedicineandPathology,UniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,Minneapolis,MN,USAFindarticlesbyKristinAHogquistAuthorinformationArticlenotesCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimer1DepartmentofLaboratoryMedicineandPathology,UniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,Minneapolis,MN,USA2DepartmentofPediatrics,UniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,Minneapolis,MN,USA*UniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,420DelawareStreetSE,Minneapolis,MN55455-0392,USA.E-mail:ude.nmu@100oflabReceived2014Nov24;Revised2015Jan23;Accepted2015Jan23.Copyright©2015AustralasianSocietyforImmunologyInc.ThisworkislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution4.0InternationalLicense.Theimagesorotherthirdpartymaterialinthisarticleareincludedinthearticle'sCreativeCommonslicense,unlessindicatedotherwiseinthecreditline;ifthematerialisnotincludedundertheCreativeCommonslicense,userswillneedtoobtainpermissionfromthelicenseholdertoreproducethematerial.Toviewacopyofthislicense,visithttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ThisarticlehasbeencitedbyotherarticlesinPMC.Infectiousmononucleosisisaclinicalentitycharacterizedbypharyngitis,cervicallymphnodeenlargement,fatigueandfever,whichresultsmostoftenfromaprimaryEpstein–Barrvirus(EBV)infection.EBV,alymphocr

Infectious mononucleosis (mono) is often called the kissing disease. The virus that causes mono (Epstein-Barr virus) is spread through saliva.COVID-19:Advice,updatesandvaccineoptionsWeareopenforsafein-personcare.Learnmore:MayoClinicfactsaboutcoronavirusdisease2019(COVID-19)OurCOVID-19patientandvisitorguidelines,plustrustedhealthinformationLateston COVID-19vaccination bysite:ArizonapatientvaccinationupdatesArizona,FloridapatientvaccinationupdatesFlorida,RochesterpatientvaccinationupdatesRochesterandMayoClinicHealthSystempatientvaccinationupdatesMCHSSkiptositenavigationSkiptoContentThiscontentdoesnothaveanEnglishversion.ThiscontentdoesnothaveanArabicversion.SectionsforMononucleosisSymptoms&causesDiagnosis&treatmentPrintOverviewInfectiousmononucleosis(mono)isoftencalledthekissingdisease.Thevirusthatcausesmono(Epstein-Barrvirus)isspreadthroughsaliva.Youcangetitthroughkissing,butyoucanalsobeexposedbysharingaglassorfoodutensilswithsomeonewhohasmono.However,mononucleosisisn'tascontagiousassomeinfections,suchasthecommoncold.You'remostlikelytogetmononucleosiswithallthesignsandsymptomsifyou'reateenoryoungadult.Youngchildrenusuallyhavefewsymptoms,andtheinfectionoftengoesundiagnosed.Ifyouhavemononucleosis,it'simportanttobecarefulofcertaincomplicationssuchasanenlargedspleen.Restandenoughfluidsarekeystorecovery.Products&ServicesBook:MayoClinicFamilyHealthBook,5thEditionNewsletter:MayoClinicHealthLetter—DigitalEditionShowmoreproductsfromMayoClinicSymptomsSignsandsymptomsofmononucleosismayinclude:FatigueSorethroat,perhapsmisdiagnosedasstrepthroat,thatdoesn'tgetbetteraftertreatmentwithantibioticsFeverSwollenlymphnodesinyourneckandarmpitsSwollentonsilsHeadacheSkinrashSoft,swollenspleenThevirushasanincubationperiodofaboutfourtosixweeks,althoughinyoungchildrenthisperiodmaybeshorter.Theincubationperiodreferstohowlongbeforeyoursymptomsappearafterbeingexposedtothevirus.Signsandsymptomssuchasafeverandsorethroatusuallylessenwithinacoupleofweeks.Butfatigue,enlargedlymphnodesandaswollenspleen

Infectious mononucleosis, also called “mono,” is a contagious disease. Epstein-​Barr virus (EBV) is the most common cause of infectious mononucleosis, but ...SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkEpstein-BarrVirusandInfectiousMononucleosisSectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateAboutInfectiousMononucleosisEspañol(Spanish)MinusRelatedPagesOnThisPageSymptomsTransmissionPrevention&TreatmentDiagnosingInfectiousMononucleosisInfectiousmononucleosis,alsocalled“mono,”isacontagiousdisease.Epstein-Barrvirus(EBV)isthemostcommoncauseofinfectiousmononucleosis,butothervirusescanalsocausethisdisease.Itiscommonamongteenagersandyoungadults,especiallycollegestudents.AtleastoneoutoffourteenagersandyoungadultswhogetinfectedwithEBVwilldevelopinfectiousmononucleosis.SymptomsTypicalsymptomsofinfectiousmononucleosisusuallyappearfourtosixweeksafteryougetinfectedwithEBV.Symptomsmaydevelopslowlyandmaynotalloccuratthesametime.Thesesymptomsinclude:extremefatiguefeversorethroatheadandbodyachesswollenlymphnodesintheneckandarmpitsswollenliverorspleenorbothrashEnlargedspleenandaswollenliverarelesscommonsymptoms.Forsomepeople,theirliverorspleenorbothmayremainenlargedevenaftertheirfatigueends.Mostpeoplegetbetterintwotofourweeks;however,somepeoplemayfeelfatiguedforseveralmoreweeks.Occasionally,thesymptomsofinfectiousmononucleosiscanlastforsixmonthsorlonger.TransmissionEBVisthemostcommoncauseofinfectiousmononucleosis,butothervirusescancausethisdisease.Typically,thesevirusesspreadmostcommonlythroughbodilyfluids,especiallysaliva.However,thesevirusescanalsospreadthroughbloodandsemenduringsexualcontact,bloodtransfusions,andorgantransplantations.Otherinfectionsthatcancauseinfectiousmononucleosis:Cytomegalovirus(CMV)ToxoplasmosisHIVRubellaHepatitisA,B,orCAdenovirusPrevention&TreatmentThereisnovaccinetoprotectagainstinfectiousmononucleosis.Youcanhelpprotectyourselfbynotkissingorsharingdrinks,food,orpersonalitems,liketoothbrushes,withpeoplewhohaveinfectiousmonon

Infectious mononucleosis (IM, mono), also known as glandular fever, is an infection usually caused by the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). Most people are infected by ...InfectiousmononucleosisFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchCommonviralinfectiousdisease"Mononucleosis"redirectshere.Forexcessivemonocytecountsmoregenerally,seeMonocytosis.MedicalconditionInfectiousmononucleosisOthernamesGlandularfever,Pfeiffer'sdisease,Filatov'sdisease,[1]kissingdiseaseSwollenlymphnodesintheneckofapersonwithinfectiousmononucleosisSpecialtyInfectiousdiseaseSymptomsFever,sorethroat,enlargedlymphnodesintheneck,tiredness[2]ComplicationsSwellingoftheliverorspleen[3]Duration2–4weeks[2]CausesEpstein–Barrvirus(EBV)usuallyspreadviasaliva[2]DiagnosticmethodBasedonsymptomsandbloodtests[3]TreatmentDrinkingenoughfluids,gettingsufficientrest,painmedicationssuchasparacetamol(acetaminophen)andibuprofen[2][4]Frequency45per100,000peryear(U.S.)[5]Infectiousmononucleosis(IM,mono),alsoknownasglandularfever,isaninfectionusuallycausedbytheEpstein–Barrvirus(EBV).[2][3]Mostpeopleareinfectedbythevirusaschildren,whenthediseaseproducesfewornosymptoms.[2]Inyoungadults,thediseaseoftenresultsinfever,sorethroat,enlargedlymphnodesintheneck,andtiredness.[2]Mostpeoplerecoverintwotofourweeks;however,feelingtiredmaylastformonths.[2]Theliverorspleenmayalsobecomeswollen,[3]andinlessthanonepercentofcasessplenicrupturemayoccur.[6]WhileusuallycausedbyEpstein–Barrvirus,alsoknownashumanherpesvirus4,whichisamemberoftheherpesvirusfamily,[3]afewothervirusesmayalsocausethedisease.[3]Itisprimarilyspreadthroughsalivabutcanrarelybespreadthroughsemenorblood.[2]Spreadmayoccurbyobjectssuchasdrinkingglassesortoothbrushesorthroughacoughorsneeze.[2][7]Thosewhoareinfectedcanspreadthediseaseweeksbeforesymptomsdevelop.[2]Monoisprimarilydiagnosedbasedonthesymptomsandcanbeconfirmedwithbloodtestsforspecificantibodies.[3]Anothertypicalfindingisincreasedbloodlymphocytesofwhichmorethan10%areatypical.[3][8]Themonospottestisnotreco

Epstein-Barr virus, or EBV, is one of the most common human viruses in the world. It spreads primarily through saliva. EBV can cause infectious mononucleosis, ...SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkEpstein-BarrVirusandInfectiousMononucleosisSectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateEpstein-BarrVirusandInfectiousMononucleosisMinusRelatedPagesEpstein-Barrvirus,orEBV,isoneofthemostcommonhumanvirusesintheworld.Itspreadsprimarilythroughsaliva.EBVcancauseinfectiousmononucleosis,alsocalledmono,andotherillnesses.MostpeoplewillgetinfectedwithEBVintheirlifetimeandwillnothaveanysymptoms.MonocausedbyEBVismostcommonamongteensandadults.MorelabiconAboutEpstein-BarrVirus(EBV)Describesthevirus,symptomsofEBVinfection,howEBVisspread,diagnosislabiconAboutInfectiousMononucleosisDescribestheillness,itssymptoms,howitspreads,treatmentandpreventionmedicaliconForHealthcareProvidersDescribesinfectiousmononucleosisandotherillnessesandcomplicationscausedbyEBVinfectionlabiconLaboratoryTestingExplainshowtouselaboratoryteststodiagnoseEBVinfectionbookiconReferences&ResourcesListsselectedscientificarticlesandbooksonEBVInfectiousMononucleosis(“Mono”)Typicalsymptomsofinfectiousmononucleosisinclude—extremefatiguefeversorethroatheadandbodyachesswollenlymphnodesintheneckandarmpitsswollenliverorspleenorbothrashMoreEBVSpreadsEasilyEBVisspreadbysalivathrough—kissingsharingdrinksandfoodusingthesamecups,eatingutensils,ortoothbrusheshavingcontactwithtoysthatchildrenhavedrooledonMoreElvirusdeEpstein-Barrylamononucleosisinfecciosa:LoquedebesaberSobreelvirusdeEpstein-Barr(VEB)QuéeslamononucleosisinfecciosaPagelastreviewed:September28,2020Contentsource:NationalCenterforImmunizationandRespiratoryDiseaseshomeEBVandMonoHomeAboutEpstein-BarrVirusAboutInfectiousMononucleosisForHealthcareProvidersLaboratoryTestingReferences&ResourcesFacebookTwitterLinkedInSASstatsExitNotification/DisclaimerPolicyCloseLinkswiththisiconindicatethatyouareleavingtheCDCwebsite.TheCentersforDis

Infectious mononucleosis is usually self-limited. Duration of illness varies; the acute phase lasts about 2 weeks. Generally, 20% of patients can return to school or ...MSDManualPleaseconfirmthatyouareahealthcareprofessionalYesNoLeavethisSite?Thelinkyouhaveselectedwilltakeyoutoathird-partywebsite.Wedonotcontrolorhaveresponsibilityforthecontentofanythird-partysite.ContinueCancelhoneypotlinkHOMEMEDICALTOPICSCommonHealthTopicsCardiovascularDisordersClinicalPharmacologyCriticalCareMedicineDentalDisordersDermatologicDisordersEar,Nose,andThroatDisordersEndocrineandMetabolicDisordersEyeDisordersGastrointestinalDisordersGenitourinaryDisordersGeriatricsGynecologyandObstetricsHealthandWellnessHematologyandOncologyHepaticandBiliaryDisordersImmunology;AllergicDisordersInfectiousDiseasesInjuries;PoisoningMusculoskeletalandConnectiveTissueDisordersNeurologicDisordersNutritionalDisordersPediatricsPsychiatricDisordersPulmonaryDisordersSpecialSubjectsResourcesVideosFiguresImagesQuizzesSymptomsViewAllResourcesRESOURCES3DModelsAbbreviationsLabTestsAudioCaseStudiesClinicalCalculatorsConversionTablesFiguresImagesLabValuesQuizzesSymptomsTablesVideosNEWSAmericanDiabetesAssociation,June25-29ASCOUpdatesRecommendationsforManagingHereditaryBreastCancerCDC:VaccinatedTeachers,StudentsCanSkipMasksThisFallCOVID-19CasesSurgeinLosAngelesCountyasDeltaVariantSpreadsViewAllNews>ViewAllNews>PROCEDURESViewAllProcedures>ViewAllProcedures>QUIZZES&CASESQuizzesMoreQuizzesCasesMoreCaseStudiesABOUTOverviewHistoryEditorsandtheEditorialProcessPublishingandProductionStaffEditorialBoardContributorsReviewersContentProvidersGlobalMedicalKnowledgeFAQContactUsMedicalTopics&ChaptersABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZProfessional/InfectiousDiseases/Herpesviruses/.../InfectiousMononucleosis/INTHISTOPICPathophysiologyTransmissionAssociateddisordersSymptomsandSignsComplicationsDiagnosisDifferentialdiagnosisLaboratorytestsPrognosisTreatmentKeyPointsOTHERTOPICSINTHISCHAPTERHerpesvirusesOverviewofHerpesvirusInfectionsChickenpoxCytome

NowschedulingCOVID-19vaccineappointmentsforages12+ScheduleavaccineappointmentCOVID-19vaccineFAQsGoingtoaClevelandCliniclocation?NewvisitationhoursMasksarerequiredforpatientsandvisitors(evenifyou'revaccinated)Home/HealthLibrary/Disease&ConditionsMononucleosisMononucleosis(mono)isacontagiousinfectioncausedbyaherpesviruscalledEpstein-Barr.Othervirusescanalsocausemono.Theinfectioniscommonamongteenagersandyoungadults.Peoplewithmonoexperienceextremefatigue,feverandbodyaches.Treatmentscaneasesymptomsuntiltheillnessgoesawayonitsown.Appointments&AccessContactUsOverviewSymptomsandCausesDiagnosisandTestsManagementandTreatmentPreventionOutlook/PrognosisLivingWithMononucleosisOverviewSymptomsandCausesDiagnosisandTestsManagementandTreatmentPreventionOutlook/PrognosisLivingWithBackToTopOverviewWhatismononucleosis(mono)?Mononucleosisisanillnessthatcommonlyaffectsteenagersandyoungadults,butcanaffectchildrenaswell.Viruses,mostcommonlyEpstein-BarrVirus(EBV),andcertaininfectionscausetheillness.Monoissometimescalled“thekissingdisease”becauseitspreadseasilythroughbodilyfluidslikesaliva.Formostpeople,monoisn’tserious,anditimproveswithouttreatment.Still,extremefatigue,bodyachesandothersymptomscaninterferewithschool,workanddailylife.Withmono,youmightfeelsickforaboutamonth.Howcommonismononucleosis(mono)?TheEpstein-Barrvirus(EBV)thatcausesmonoisextremelycommon.Around90%ofAmericansareinfectedwithitbyage35.Noteveryonewhohasthevirusdevelopsmonosymptoms—somepeopleonlycarrythevirus.Whomightgetmononucleosis(mono)?ThereareoftentwopeakswhenpeopleacquireEBV:earlyschoolagechildrenandagainaroundadolescence/youngadulthood.Youngchildrenareoftenasymptomatic,whereasteenagersandpeopleintheir20saremostlikelytogetmono.AboutoneinfourpeopleinthisagegroupwhogetEBVcomedownwithmono,butanyonecangetit,nomattertheirage.Ismonoasexuallytransmittedinfection?Epstein-Barrisatypeofherpesvirus.It’sdifferentthantheherpessimplexvirus(HSV)thatcausesgenitalandoralherpes.Bothvirusescanbesexuallytransmitted.However,EBVismorelikely

Acute infectious mononucleosis, also known as glandular fever, is an acute illness due to Epstein-Barr virus infection. It is characterised by fever, tonsilar ...SkiptomaincontentCLIKMenuLegislationLegislationServiceEligibilityAssistantCompensation&SupportCompensation&SupportCompensation&SupportPolicyLibraryCompensation&SupportPolicyLibraryKeywordIndexCompensation&SupportReferenceLibraryRehabilitationRehabilitationRehabilitationPolicyLibraryKeywordIndexMilitaryCompensationMilitaryCompensationMRCAInfoSRCAInfoHealthHealthHealthPolicyLibrarySOPInformationReports&StudiesGlossaryCLIKYouarehereHomeAcuteInfectiousMononucleosisA047AcuteInfectiousMononucleosisA047DocumentPrintversion    SendemailLastamended 11January2021CurrentRMAInstrumentsReasonableHypothesisSOP17of2021BalanceofProbabilitiesSOP18of2021ChangesfrompreviousInstrumentsSOPBulletin218ICD CodingICD-9-CMCodes:075ICD-10-AMCodes:B27.0BriefdescriptionAcuteinfectiousmononucleosis,alsoknownasglandularfever,isanacuteillnessduetoEpstein-Barrvirusinfection. Itischaracterisedbyfever,tonsilarpharyngitis,fatigue,enlargedlymphnodesandanelevatedlymphocytecountonbloodtesting. Itismostcommoninadolescentsandyoungadults.ConfirmingthediagnosisEpstein-Barrvirusinfectionisverycommonandoftenasymptomatic. Evidenceofpastinfectioncanbefoundin90%ormoreofolderadults.Aysmptomaticinfectionisnotadisease(forDVApurposes)andisnotcoveredbytheSOP.AdiagnosisofacuteinfectiousmononucleosisrequiresbothaclinicalillnessconsistentwiththeconditionandlaboratoryevidenceofrecentlyacquiredEpstein-Barrvirusinfection. Laboratoryevidencecanincludea heterophileantibody(monospot)testorserologytestingforEBV-specificantibodies. Thediagnosiscanbemadebyageneralpractitioner.Therelevantmedicalspecialistisaninfectiousdiseasesphysician.AdditionaldiagnosescoveredbySOPGlandularfever(butseeconditionsnotcovered)Acuteinfectiousmononucleosis-resolved SymptomaticEpstein-BarrvirusinfectionConditionsnotcoveredbySOPAsymptomaticEpstein-Barrvirusinfection-N.I.F.Chronicfatiguesyndrome

HowLongIsMononucleosis(Mono)Contagious?MedicallyreviewedbyJudithMarcin,M.D.—WrittenbyStephanieWatson—UpdatedonMarch7,2018SpreadReduceriskSeeyourdoctorWhencanyouspreadorcontractmono?Monoisaviralinfectionthatcausessymptomslikefatigue,swollenglands,andaseveresorethroat.It’shardtosayexactlyhowlongsomeonewithmonoiscontagious.Evenresearchersaren’ttotallysure.Afteryou’reinfectedwithEpstein-Barr(EBV)—themainvirusthatcausesmono—thevirusbeginstoshedinyourthroat.Thatmeansyoucaninfectotherpeoplewhocomeincontactwithyoursaliva,soyouhavetobecarefulaboutkissingorsharingpersonalitemslikecupsorutensils.However,youmaynotrealizeyou’resickduringthistime.Itcantakefourtosixweeksfromwhenyou’refirstinfectedforsymptomslikefatigue,asorethroat,andmuscleachestoappear.Thisiscalledtheincubationperiod.Onceyoursymptomsdoappear,theymaylastfortwotofourweeks.Youcanpassthevirustootherpeoplethroughyoursalivaforuptothreemonthsafteryoursymptomssubside.Somestudieshavereportedthatyoumaystillbecontagiousforupto18months.Howismonospread?EBVspreadsfrompersontopersonthroughsalivaandotherbodilyfluids.Thisiswhymonoisoftencalledthe“kissingdisease.”Ifyoukissapersonwhohasthevirus—oryousharepersonalitemslikeutensils,glasses,food,orlipbalm—youcanbecomeinfected.Youcanalsocatchmonoifsomeonewhoissickcoughsorsneezesclosetoyou.Teensandyoungadultsaremostlikelytogetsickwithmonosymptoms.HowtoreducetheriskoftransmissionToavoidgettingmonoyourself,followthesetips:Avoidclosecontactwithanyonethatyouknowisinfected.Don’tkissorsharepersonalitemsliketoothbrushes,utensils,food,straws,orglasseswithanyonethatyoususpecthasmono.Keepyourselfhealthy.Eatanutritiousdiet,exercisedaily,andsleepforatleastsixtoeighthoursnightly.Washyourhandsregularly.Toavoidspreadingthevirusifyou’vebeeninfected,followthesetips:Stayhomeandrestuntilyoursymptomsimprove.Don’tkissorshareanypersonalitems—includingutensils,glasses,lipstick,andfood—withotherpeople.Askyourdoctorifyoushoulduseacondomwhenyouhavesexandforhowlong.EBVcanspreadthroughsemenduringsexualcontact.Wash

NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutTryoutPMCLabsandtelluswhatyouthink.LearnMore.JournalListHHSAuthorManuscriptsPMC4670567CurrTopMicrobiolImmunol.Authormanuscript;availableinPMC2015Dec5.Publishedinfinaleditedformas:CurrTopMicrobiolImmunol.2015;390:211–240.doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-22822-8_9PMCID:PMC4670567NIHMSID:NIHMS741628PMID:26424648InfectiousMononucleosisSamanthaK.Dunmire,KristinA.Hogquist,andHenryH.Balfour,Jr.SamanthaK.DunmireCenterforImmunology,UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN55455FindarticlesbySamanthaK.DunmireKristinA.HogquistCenterforImmunology,UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN55455FindarticlesbyKristinA.HogquistHenryH.Balfour,Jr.DepartmentofLaboratoryMedicineandPathology,DepartmentofPediatrics,UniversityofMinnesota,UniversityofMinnesotaMedicalSchool,Minneapolis,MN55455FindarticlesbyHenryH.Balfour,Jr.AuthorinformationCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimerSamanthaK.Dunmire,CenterforImmunology,UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis,MN55455;ContributorInformation.SamanthaK.Dunmire:ude.nmu@200imnud;KristinA.Hogquist:ude.nmu@100uqgoh;HenryH.Balfour,Jr.:ude.nmu@100oflabCopyrightnoticeThepublisher'sfinaleditedversionofthisarticleisavailableatCurrTopMicrobiolImmunolSeeotherarticlesinPMCthatcitethepublishedarticle.Infectiousmononucleosisisaclinicalentitycharacterizedbysorethroat,cervicallymphnodeenlargement,fatigueandfevermostoftenseeninadolescentsandyoungadultsandlastingseveralweeks.Itcanbecausedbyanumberofpathogens,butthischapteronlydiscussesinfectiousmononucleosisduetoprimaryEpstein-Barrvirus(EBV)infection.EBVisaγ-herpesvirusthatinfectsatleast90%ofthepopulationworldwide.Thevirusisspreadbyintimateoralcontactamongteenagersandyoungadults.Howpreadolescentsacquirethevirusisnotknown.Atypicalclinicalpicturewithapositiveheterophiletestisusuallysufficienttomakethediagnosis,butheterophileantibodiesarenotspecificanddonotdevelopinsomepatients.EBV-specificantibodyprofilesarethebestchoiceforstagingEBVinfection.Inaddi

During acute EBV disease, the number of lymphocytes increases to 50–60% of the total leukocytes in the peripheral blood (a count of 20,000–50,000/ml), of which ...LymphoreticularandHematopoeticInfectionsReturntoSyllabus INFECTIOUSMONONUCLEOSISGeneralGoal:Toknowthecauseofthisdisease,themostcommonmodesoftransmissionandthemajormanifestationsofthisdisease.SpecificEducationalObjectives:Thestudentshouldbeableto:1.recitethecommonmeansoftransmissionandthemajordiseasemanifestations.2.identifythecell-typesinwhichthevirusinfectsandestablisheslatency.3.identifythepeoplegroupingsthataremorelikelytogetlymphoproliferativediseases.4.serologicallydetermineifapatientisinfectedwiththevirusandwhatstageoftheinfectionthepatientiscurrentlyexperiencing(acute,chronic,pastinfectionsand reactivation).Reading:P.R.Murray,K.S.Rosenthal,andM.A.Pfaller.2009.MedicalMicrobiology.6thEdition.pg.529-534.MosbyElsevier,Philadephia,PA. Lecture:Dr.NealR.Chamberlain References: B.A.Cunha.Oct.19,2009,InfectiousMononucleosis,eMedicine.comhttp://emedicine.medscape.com/article/222040-overview INFECTIOUSMONONUCLEOSISInfectiousmononucleosisisacommoninfectionthatresultsinfever,sorethroat,andcervicallymphadenopathyaccompaniedbyalymphocytosis.EtiologyThecausativeagentofinfectiousmononucleosisis"Epstein-Barrvirus"(knownasEBVorhumanherpesvirus4[HHV-4]). ManifestationsInfectiousmononucleosishasaprodromethatincludesheadache,malaise,andfatiguefor4–5days.Followingtheprodrome,thereisusuallyatriadofsymptoms—fever,pharyngitis,andlymphadenopathy(TableL-14). Mostyoungchildrenwithinfectiousmononucleosisareasymptomatic;symptomsaremorepronouncedinpreviouslyuninfectedyoungadults.TableL-14.SignsandSymptomsofInfectiousMononucleosisFever:Adults38.3–38.9°C;childrenmaynothavefeverCervicallymphadenopathySeverepharyngitiswithdiffusepharyngealinflammationandtonsillarswelling;canbeexudativeornonexudativeBilateraledemaoftheuppereyelids(palpebraledema)Earlyinillness,appearanceoffaintevanescentnonpruriticmaculopapularrashPetechiaeonhardandsof