The diagnosis of scrub typhus is hampered due to its nonspecific clinical presentation, poor awareness and insufficient evidence on the ...ArticleAuthorsMetricsCommentsMediaCoverageReaderComments(0)FiguresFiguresAbstractDiagnosisofscrubtyphus,causedbythebacteriumOrientiatsutsugamushi,ischallengingbecauseoftheoverlapofitsnon-specificsymptomswithotherinfectionscoupledwiththelackofsufficientdataontheperformanceofdiagnostictests.Earlydiagnosisofscrubtyphusiscrucialtoimproveoutcomesandthisstudyevaluatesthediagnosticperformanceofvarioustests.Thepresentstudyaimsatassessingtheaccuracyofvariousrapiddiagnostictests,serologictests,andnucleicacidamplificationmethodsonwell-characterizedpatientsamples.AdultpatientswithacutefebrileillnessandmanifestationssuggestiveofscrubtyphusconfirmedbypositivePCRintheblood,escharortissuewerecharacterizedascases.Patientswithacutefebrileillnessandaconfirmedalternateetiologysuchasculture-confirmedtyphoid,smear/PCRpositiveformalaria,PCR/NS1antigenpositivefordengue,PCRpositiveforinfluenza,PCR/MATpositiveforleptospirosis,PCRpositiveforspottedfeverwerecharacterizedascontrolswithotherinfections.Thehealthycontrolsconsistedofsubjectsfromthesamegeographicregion.Weperformedthefollowingtestsonbloodsamplesforscrubtyphusandcalculatedthesensitivity,specificity,positivepredictivevalue,andnegativepredictivevalue:(1)QuantitativerealtimePCRusing47kDagene(qPCR);(2)ConventionalPCRusing56kDagene(cPCR);(3)Loop-mediatedisothermalamplificationassay(LAMPassay);(4)Immunofluorescenceassay(IFA);(5)Enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA);(6)Weil-Felixtest(WFtest);and(7)ImmunochromatographicRapidDiagnosticTest(RDT).Amongthe316participants,158hadconfirmedscrubtyphus(cases)and158werecontrols.ELISAandRDTdetectingOrientiatsutsugamushispecificIgMantibodieshadexcellentdiscriminativepotentialwithsensitivitiesandspecificitiesof92%,94%and92%,92%respectively.ThesensitivityandspecificityofIFAwerefoundtobe95%and74%respectively.IgMserologyhadafalsepositivityrateof8%withotheracutefebrileill

The indirect fluorescent antibody test is sensitive and provides results in a couple of hours. ... It uses fluorescent antihuman antibody to ...ForYouNews&PerspectiveDrugs&DiseasesCME&EducationAcademyVideoDecisionPointEdition:ENGLISHDEUTSCHESPAÑOLFRANÇAISPORTUGUÊSLogInSignUpIt'sFree!Edition:ENGLISHDEUTSCHESPAÑOLFRANÇAISPORTUGUÊSRegisterLogInNoResultsNoResultsForYouNews&PerspectiveDrugs&DiseasesCME&EducationAcademyVideoDecisionPointclosePleaseconfirmthatyouwouldliketologoutofMedscape.Ifyoulogout,youwillberequiredtoenteryourusernameandpasswordthenexttimeyouvisit.LogoutCancelhttps://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cDovL2VtZWRpY2luZS5tZWRzY2FwZS5jb20vYXJ0aWNsZS85NzE3OTctd29ya3Vwprocessing....Drugs&Diseases>Pediatrics:GeneralMedicineScrubTyphus WorkupUpdated:Apr19,2018Author:DavidJCennimo,MD,FAAP,FACP,FIDSA,AAHIVS;ChiefEditor:RussellWSteele,MD more...ShareEmailPrintFeedbackCloseFacebookTwitterLinkedInGoogle+SectionsScrubTyphusSectionsScrubTyphusOverviewPracticeEssentialsBackgroundPathophysiologyEtiologyEpidemiologyPrognosisShowAllPresentationHistoryPhysicalExaminationComplicationsShowAllDDxWorkupTreatmentApproachConsiderationsPharmacologicTreatmentPreventionShowAllMedicationMedicationSummaryAntibioticsShowAllQuestions&AnswersMediaGalleryReferencesWorkupApproachConsiderationsRoutinelaboratorystudiesinpatientswithscrubtyphusrevealearlylymphopeniawithlatelymphocytosis.AdecreaseintheCD4:CD8lymphocyteratiomayalsobenoted.Thrombocytopeniaisalsoseen.[34,6]Thehematologicmanifestationsmayraisethesuspicionofdengueinfection.[32,3]Elevatedtransaminaselevelsmaybepresentin75-95%ofpatients.Hypoalbuminemiaoccursinabout50%ofcases,whereashyperbilirubinemiaisrare.Thesefindingsmaybeespeciallyprevalentinchildren.[34,47]Inadults,elevatedtransaminaselevelsrelatetoseverityofdisease.[11,6]Transaminitiscombinedwithothersymptomsandexposurehistorymaysuggestpossibleleptospirosis.Coinfectionwithleptospirosishasbeenreported.[3,48]Laboratorystudie

MSDManualPleaseconfirmthatyouarenotlocatedinsidetheRussianFederationYesNoLeavethisSite?Thelinkyouhaveselectedwilltakeyoutoathird-partywebsite.Wedonotcontrolorhaveresponsibilityforthecontentofanythird-partysite.ContinueCancelhoneypotlinkHOMEHEALTHTOPICSCommonHealthTopicsBloodDisordersBone,Joint,andMuscleDisordersBrain,SpinalCord,andNerveDisordersCancerChildren'sHealthIssuesDigestiveDisordersDisordersofNutritionDrugsEar,Nose,andThroatDisordersEyeDisordersFundamentalsHeartandBloodVesselDisordersHormonalandMetabolicDisordersImmuneDisordersInfectionsInjuriesandPoisoningKidneyandUrinaryTractDisordersLiverandGallbladderDisordersLungandAirwayDisordersMen'sHealthIssuesMentalHealthDisordersMouthandDentalDisordersOlderPeople’sHealthIssuesSkinDisordersSpecialSubjectsWomen'sHealthIssuesResourcesVideosFiguresImagesQuizzesCommonMedicalTestsViewAllResourcesSYMPTOMSGeneralAbdomen&DigestiveBleedingBrain&NervousSystemChest&RespiratoryChildren'sSymptomsEyeGenital&UrinaryALLSYMPTOMS>EMERGENCIESCardiacArrestChokingALLEMERGENCIES>RESOURCESAbbreviationsAudio3DModelsCommonMedicalTestsFiguresFirstAidImagesInfographicsLabTestsMedicalTermsTheOne-PageManualofHealthPronunciationsQuizzesSelf-AssessmentToolsTablesVideosWeights&MeasuresNEWSAHANews:PhysicalActivityIsHelpfulAfteraStroke,ButHowMuchIsHealthy?BidenAdministrationBuysMoreMonoclonalAntibodyTreatmentstoWardOffShortageDoYourGenesUpYourOddsforAlcoholism?OneFactorCutstheRiskEvenWhenUndergoingTreatment,PeopleWithMSGainFromCOVIDVaccinesViewAllNews>ViewAllNews>ABOUTOverviewHistoryEditorsandtheEditorialProcessPublishingandProductionStaffEditorialBoardContributorsReviewersContentProvidersGlobalMedicalKnowledgeFAQContactUsHealthTopics&ChaptersABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZHome/Infections/RickettsialandRelatedInfections/.../ScrubTyphus/INTHISTOPICSymptomsDiagnosisPreventionTreatmentOTHERTOPICSINTHISCHAPTERRickettsialandRelatedInfectionsOverviewofRickettsialInfectionsEhrlichiosisandAnaplasmosisEpidemicTyphusMurine(Endemic)TyphusOtherSpottedFeversQFeverRic

Scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness, which was caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted through the bite of chiggers. The diagnosis ...SkiptomaincontentAdvertisementSearchallBMCarticlesSearchDownloadPDFCasereportOpenAccessPublished:07April2020Diagnosisofseverescrubtyphusinfectionbynext-generationsequencing:acasereportJieChen1,Xu-dongZheng1,Qi-heDai1,Wei-liHong1,You-pengLi1,RuiChen1,Bing-bingYe1,Xiao-jieMo1,PengCui2&Zhan-weiRuan1 BMCInfectiousDiseasesvolume 20,Article number: 270(2020)Citethisarticle1001Accesses3CitationsMetricsdetailsAbstractBackgroundScrubtyphusisanacutefebrileillness,whichwascausedbyOrientiatsutsugamushiandtransmittedthroughthebiteofchiggers.Thediagnosisofscrubtyphuscouldbemisseddiagnosisduetotheabsenceofthepathognomoniceschar.CasepresentationA76-year-oldmanwashospitalizedwithfeverandkidneyinjuryandwasdiagnosedofhemorrhagicfeverwithrenalsyndromefirst.However,thesituationoftheillnessdeterioratedintorefractorysepticshockandmultipleorgandysfunctionrapidly,althoughthetreatmentofanti-sepsiswasusedin3rd-5thday.OrientiatsutsugamushiwasdeterminedtobethecausativepathogenbyNext-generationsequencingofhisplasmasamplein6thday.Then,thepatientwastreatedwithdoxycyclineandazithromycinandrecoveredquickly.ConclusionsNext-generationsequencingwasanewdiagnostictechnologyandcouldidentifyscrubtyphusinaccuratelyandfastwithoutthepathognomoniceschar.PeerReviewreportsBackgroundScrubtyphusisanacutefebrileillnesscausedbyOrientiatsutsugamushi(agram-negativecoccobacillus)andtransmittedthroughthebiteofchiggers[1].Themortalityofscrubtyphusisreportedtobeashighas24%inseverecaseswithmultipleorgandysfunction(MODS)[2].Thediagnosisofscrubtyphusisdifficultduetotheabsenceofthepathognomoniceschar,whichisthecharacteristicclinicalmanifestationsandvarieswidely(3–93%)[1].Serology,biopsy,culture,andpolymerasechain(PCR)reactionwereroutinediagnosticmethodsandhadmanydefectsinthediagnosis[3].Forexample,theindirectfluorescentantibodytestneedsafour-foldriseintitersovera14-dayperiod[4].Po

The mainstay in scrub-typhus diagnostics remains serology. The oldest test in current use is the Weil–Felix OX-K agglutination reaction, ...NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutTryoutPMCLabsandtelluswhatyouthink.LearnMore.JournalListAmJTropMedHygv.82(3);2010MarPMC2829893AmJTropMedHyg.2010Mar;82(3):368–370.doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0233PMCID:PMC2829893PMID:20207857DiagnosisofScrubTyphusReviewedbyGavinC.K.W.Koh,*RichardJ.Maude,DanielH.Paris,PaulN.Newton,andStuartD.BlacksellAuthorinformationArticlenotesCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimerFacultyofTropicalMedicine,MahidolUniversity,Bangkok,Thailand;DepartmentofMedicine,UniversityofCambridge,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;CenterforExperimentalandMolecularMedicine,AcademicMedicalCenter,UniversityofAmsterdam,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands;CentreforClinicalVaccinologyandTropicalMedicine,NuffieldDepartmentofClinicalMedicine,UniversityofOxford,Oxford,UnitedKingdom;WellcomeTrust–MahosotHospital–OxfordTropicalMedicineResearchCollaboration,MahosotHospital,Vientiane,LaoPeople'sDemocraticRepublic*AddresscorrespondencetoGavinC.K.W.Koh,Mahidol–OxfordTropicalMedicineResearchUnit,FacultyofTropicalMedicine,MahidolUniversity,420/6RajvithiRoad,Bangkok10400,Thailand.E-mail:[email protected];Accepted2009Nov27.Copyright©TheAmericanSocietyofTropicalMedicineandHygieneThisisanOpenAccessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheAmericanSocietyofTropicalMedicineandHygiene'sRe-useLicensewhichpermitsunrestrictednon-commercialuse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.ThisarticlehasbeencitedbyotherarticlesinPMC.ScrubtyphusistransmittedbytrombiculidmitesandisendemictoEastandSoutheastAsiaandNorthernAustralia.Theclinicalsyndromeclassicallyconsistsofafever,rash,andeschar,butscrubtyphusalsocommonlypresentsasanundifferentiatedfeverthatrequireslaboratoryconfirmationofthediagnosis,usuallybyindirectfluorescentantibody(IFA)assay.WediscussthelimitationsofIFA,

NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutTryoutPMCLabsandtelluswhatyouthink.LearnMore.JournalListIndianJDermatolv.62(5);Sep-Oct2017PMC5618834IndianJDermatol.2017Sep-Oct;62(5):478–485.doi: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_388_17PMCID:PMC5618834PMID:28979009ScrubTyphus:AnEmergingThreatSayantaniChakrabortyandNilenduSarma1SayantaniChakrabortyFromtheDepartmentofDermatology,R.G.KarMedicalCollege,Kolkata,WestBengal,IndiaFindarticlesbySayantaniChakrabortyNilenduSarma1DepartmentofDermatology,Dr.B.C.RoyPostgraduateInstituteofPediatricScience,Kolkata,WestBengal,IndiaFindarticlesbyNilenduSarmaAuthorinformationArticlenotesCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimerFromtheDepartmentofDermatology,R.G.KarMedicalCollege,Kolkata,WestBengal,India1DepartmentofDermatology,Dr.B.C.RoyPostgraduateInstituteofPediatricScience,Kolkata,WestBengal,IndiaAddressforcorrespondence:Dr.NilenduSarma,PNColony,SapuiPara,Bally,Howrah-711227,WestBengal,India.E-mail:moc.liamg@amrasudnelinReceived2017Aug;Accepted2017Aug.Copyright:©2017IndianJournalofDermatologyThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0License,whichallowsotherstoremix,tweak,andbuildupontheworknon-commercially,aslongastheauthoriscreditedandthenewcreationsarelicensedundertheidenticalterms.ThisarticlehasbeencitedbyotherarticlesinPMC.ScrubtyphusiscausedbyOrientiatsutsugamushi(formerlyRickettsia)andistransmittedtohumansbyanarthropodvectoroftheTrombiculidaefamily(LeptotrombidiumdelienseandL.akamushi).Itisthemostcommonre-emergingRickettsialinfectioninIndiaandmanyotherSouthEastAsiancountries.Infact,scrubtyphusisconfinedgeographicallytotheAsiaPacificregion,abillionpeopleareatriskandnearlyamillioncasesarereportedeveryyear.Scrubtyphusappearsparticularlytobedistributedinthetsutsugamushitrianglewhichisdistributedoveraverywideareaof13millionkm2boundbyJapanintheeast,throughChina,thePhilippines,tropicalAustraliainthesouth,andwestthroughIndia,Pakistan,possibly

SkipdirectlytositecontentSkipdirectlytopageoptionsSkipdirectlytoA-ZlinkTyphusFeversSectionNavigationCDCHomeFacebookTwitterLinkedInSyndicateScrubTyphusMinusRelatedPagesOnThisPageSignsandSymptomsDiagnosisandTestingTreatmentPreventionScrubtyphus,alsoknownasbushtyphus,isadiseasecausedbyabacteriacalledOrientiatsutsugamushi.Scrubtyphusisspreadtopeoplethroughbitesofinfectedchiggers(larvalmites).Themostcommonsymptomsofscrubtyphusincludefever,headache,bodyaches,andsometimesrash.MostcasesofscrubtyphusoccurinruralareasofSoutheastAsia,Indonesia,China,Japan,India,andnorthernAustralia.Anyonelivinginortravelingtoareaswherescrubtyphusisfoundcouldgetinfected.SignsandSymptomsSymptomsofscrubtyphususuallybeginwithin10daysofbeingbitten.Signsandsymptomsmayinclude:Figure1.EscharatsiteofchiggerbiteFeverandchillsHeadacheBodyachesandmusclepainAdark,scab-likeregionatthesiteofthechiggerbite(alsoknownaseschar)Mentalchanges,rangingfromconfusiontocomaEnlargedlymphnodesRashPeoplewithsevereillnessmaydeveloporganfailureandbleeding,whichcanbefatalifleftuntreated.DiagnosisandTestingThesymptomsofscrubtyphusaresimilartosymptomsofmanyotherdiseases.Seeyourhealthcareproviderifyoudevelopthesymptomslistedaboveafterspendingtimeinareaswherescrubtyphusisfound.Ifyouhaverecentlytraveled,tellyourhealthcareproviderwhereandwhenyoutraveled.Yourhealthcareprovidermayorderbloodteststolookforscrubtyphusorotherdiseases.Laboratorytestingandreportingofresultscantakeseveralweeks,soyourhealthcareprovidermaystarttreatmentbeforeresultsareavailable. TopofPageTreatmentScrubtyphusshouldbetreatedwiththeantibioticdoxycycline.Doxycyclinecanbeusedinpersonsofanyage.Antibioticsaremosteffectiveifgivensoonaftersymptomsbegin.Peoplewhoaretreatedearlywithdoxycyclineusuallyrecoverquickly. TopofPagePreventionFigure2.Adultandlarvalchiggers(mites)ontheheadofapinNovaccineisavailabletopreventscrubtyphus.Reduceyourriskofgettingscrubtyphusbyavoidingcontactwithinfectedchiggers.Whentravelingtoareaswherescrubtyphusiscommon,avoidareaswithlotsofvegetatio