Mirror syndrome or triple edema or Ballantyne syndrome is a rare disorder affecting pregnant women. It describes the unusual association of fetal and ...MirrorsyndromeFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchMirrorsyndromeortripleedemaorBallantynesyndromeisararedisorderaffectingpregnantwomen.Itdescribestheunusualassociationoffetalandplacentalhydropswithmaternalpreeclampsia.[1]Thename"mirrorsyndrome"referstothesimilaritybetweenmaternaledemaandfetalhydrops.Itwasfirstdescribedin1892byJohnWilliamBallantyne.[2]Contents1Causes2Pathogenesis3Signsandsymptoms4Diagnosis5Differentialdiagnosis6Treatment7ReferencesCauses[edit]Theetiologymaybeanyofthevarietyofobstetricproblemsthatrangefromimmunologicaldisorders,includingRh-isoimmunization,tofetalinfections,metabolicdisorders,andfetalmalformations.[3][4][5][6]BallantynesyndromecanresultfromthematernalreactiontoafetusthathashemoglobinBartsdiseaseduetoinheriteddoublealphathalassemiatrait(alphathalassemiamajor)frombothparents.[7]Pathogenesis[edit]TheetiopathogeneticmechanismofBallantynesyndromeremainsunknown.Signsandsymptoms[edit]Ballantynesyndromehasseveralcharacteristics:edema,alwaysakeyfeaturealbuminuriaofthemother,usuallymildpreeclampsia,unusualThefetalsymptomsarerelatedtofluidretention,includingascitesandpolyhydramnios.[8]Fetalhydropssuggeststhepresenceofanimportantandprobablyfatalfetalpathology.ItcanbeassociatedwithparvovirusB19infectionandwithtwin-to-twintransfusionsyndrome.[9]Diagnosis[edit]AlthoughtheexactetiopathogeneticmechanismofBallantynesyndromeremainsunknown,severalauthorshavereportedraiseduricacidlevels,anemia,andlowhematocritwithouthemolysis.[1]Differentialdiagnosis[edit]Theproblemofdistinguishing(ornot)betweenBallantynesyndromeandpreeclampsiaisreflectedinthediversityofterminologyusedandinthedebatethatsurroundsthesubject.ItseemsmuchmorelikelythatanetiologyofseverefetalhydropsmaycauseBallantynesyndromewhenthefetalstatusgreatlyworsensandthatthesyndromeisonlyamanifestationoftheextremeseverityofthefet