Bartonella quintana, a pathogen that is restricted to human hosts and louse vectors, was first characterized as the agent of trench fever. The disease was ...NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutJournalListEmergInfectDisv.12(2);2006FebPMC3373112EmergInfectDis.2006Feb;12(2):217–223.doi: 10.3201/eid1202.050874PMCID:PMC3373112PMID:16494745BartonellaquintanaCharacteristicsandClinicalManagementCédricFoucault,*PhilippeBrouqui,*andDidierRaoult*CédricFoucault*UniversitédelaMéditerranée,Marseille,FranceFindarticlesbyCédricFoucaultPhilippeBrouqui*UniversitédelaMéditerranée,Marseille,FranceFindarticlesbyPhilippeBrouquiDidierRaoult*UniversitédelaMéditerranée,Marseille,FranceFindarticlesbyDidierRaoultAuthorinformationCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimer*UniversitédelaMéditerranée,Marseille,FranceCorrespondingauthor.Addressforcorrespondence:DidierRaoult,UnitédesRickettsiesCNRSUMR6020,FacultédeMédecine,UniversitédelaMéditerranée,27BdJeanMoulin,13385Marseille,CEDEX05,France;fax:33-4-91-83-03-90;email:rf.srm-vinu.enicedem@tluoar.reididCopyrightnoticeThisarticlehasbeencitedbyotherarticlesinPMC.Bartonellaquintana,apathogenthatisrestrictedtohumanhostsandlousevectors,wasfirstcharacterizedastheagentoftrenchfever.Thediseasewasdescribedin1915onthebasisofnaturalandexperimentalinfectionsinsoldiers.ItisnowrecognizedasareemergingpathogenamonghomelesspopulationsincitiesintheUnitedStatesandEuropeandisresponsibleforawidespectrumofconditions,includingchronicbacteremia,endocarditis,andbacillaryangiomatosis.Diagnosisisbasedonserologicanalysis,culture,andmolecularbiology.Recentcharacterizationofitsgenomeallowedthedevelopmentofmoderndiagnosisandtypingmethods.GuidelinesforthetreatmentofB.quintanainfectionsarepresented.Keywords:Bartonellaquintana,trenchfever,homeless,endocarditis,bacteremia,bacillaryangiomatosis,diagnosis,treatmentTrenchfever,thefirstclinicalmanifestationattributedtoBartonellaquintana,affectedanestimated>1millionpeopleduringW