Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome | Korsakoff syndrome triad

ExpandallsectionsRegister/LoginWrittenandpeer-reviewedbyphysicians—butuseatyourownrisk.Readourdisclaimer.ambossTrustedmedicalanswers—inseconds.Getaccessto1,000+medicalarticleswithinstantsearchandclinicaltools.Tryfreefor5daysWernickeencephalopathyandKorsakoffsyndromeLastupdated:March17,2021SummaryWernickeencephalopathyisanacute,reversibleconditioncausedbyseverethiamine(vitaminB1)deficiency,oftenduetochronicheavyalcoholuse.Inadequateintake,impairedabsorption,orincreasedexcretionofthiaminecanalsocauseWernickeencephalopathy.Theclassicaltriadofconfusion,oculomotordysfunction,andgaitataxiaisseeninaboutathirdofpatients.Chronicthiaminedeficiency,especiallyinpatientswithalcoholusedisorder,frequentlyprogressestoKorsakoffsyndrome,whichischaracterizedbyirreversiblepersonalitychanges,anterogradeandretrogradeamnesia,andconfabulation.ThediagnosisofbothWernickeencephalopathyandKorsakoffsyndromeisclinical,butlaboratorytestsconfirmingthiaminedeficiencyandbrainimagingmaybeconsideredinambiguouscases.Wernickeencephalopathyisanemergencyandrequiresimmediatehigh-doseIVthiaminetherapyfollowedbylong-termthiaminesupplementation.Abstainingfromalcoholisvitalinbothconditions.WhiletheprognosisinWernickeencephalopathyisgoodiftreatedaccordingly,thatinKorsakoffsyndromeisgenerallypoor.EtiologyWernickeencephalopathyandKorsakoffsyndromearecausedbyaseveredeficiencyofthiamine(vitaminB1).Thiaminedeficiencycanbedueto:Chronicheavyalcoholuse(mostcommon);:duetoinadequateintake,absorption,andhepaticstorageofthiamineInadequateintakeThiamine-deficientdietsAnorexianervosa,starvationMalabsorptionIncreaseddemand(hypermetabolicstates)PregnancyandlactationHyperthyroidismSystemicdiseasesMalignancyIncreasedlossDiarrheaHyperemesisDialysisReferences:[1]PathophysiologyThiaminepyrophosphate(TPP)istheactiveformofthiamine.TPPisacofactorforimportantenzymesinvolvedincerebralglucoseandenergymetabolism(seeglycolysisandgluconeogenesis).Thebrainrequiresaconstantsourceofthiaminetofunctionproperly.Thiaminedeficiency→decreasedcerebra

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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: Background, Etiology ... | Korsakoff syndrome triad
Background. Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) classically, but not always, presents with the clinical triad of confusion, ataxia, and nystagmus.
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syndrome were not diagnosed as such during life. Review of the clinical signs of these cases revealed that only 16% had the classical clinical triad and 19% had ...
Korsakoff Syndrome | Korsakoff syndrome triad
Symptoms. Korsakoff syndrome causes problems learning new information, inability to remember recent events and long-term memory gaps. Memory difficulties ...
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2, 3 While the symptoms of WE can resolve with appropriate treatment, Korsakoff's syndrome is largely irreversible and is characterized by global amnesia, ...
Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome | Korsakoff syndrome triad
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | Korsakoff syndrome triad
Wernicke syndrome is characterized by the clinical triad of mental status changes (e.g., confused state), the inability to coordinate voluntary movement (ataxia), ...
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome | Korsakoff syndrome triad
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a common complication of a thiamine deficiency that is primarily seen with alcoholics. This syndrome was ...
Wernicke encephalopathy | Korsakoff syndrome triad
When it occurs simultaneously with alcoholic Korsakoff syndrome it is known as Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome. Classically, Wernicke encephalopathy is characterised by the triad – ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and confusion. Around 10% of patients exhibit all three features, and other symptoms may also be present.
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