Esophageal Varices and Bleeding 食道靜脈曲張及出血(英文). 2021/1/4. Introduction. Liver cirrhosis can cause portal hypertension, unusually elevated in ...衛教單張HealthEducation首頁衛教單張EsophagealVaricesandBleeding食道靜脈曲張及出血(英文)衛教資訊衛教單張衛教影片衛教海報衛教諮詢正確用藥教育中心衛教講座衛教講座報名爸媽教室哺乳聚會孕產課程健康城市中醫講座正確用藥EsophagealVaricesandBleeding食道靜脈曲張及出血(英文)文章分享首頁分享至FaceBook分享至LineQrcode列印A-A+EsophagealVaricesandBleeding食道靜脈曲張及出血(英文)2021/1/4IntroductionLivercirrhosiscancauseportalhypertension,unusuallyelevatedinportal-venouspressure,mayresultinseveralcomplications.Esophagealvaricealbleedingisoneoftheseverecomplications.DefinitionandPathogenesisLivercirrhosisisthemostcommoncauseofesophagealvaricealbleeding.Normalportalpressureisapproximately5-10mmHg.Whenportalpressureismorethan12mmHg,itcanresultincollateralcirculation,esophagealvarices,andhyperactivityofsystemiccirculation.Itcommonlyresultsfromincreasedresistancetoportalbloodflow.ClinicalfeaturesandDiagnosisCirrhoticpatientswithesophagealvaricesdonotalwayshaveruptureorhemorrhagicvarices.Oncethereisbleeding,itusuallypresentswithhematemesis,melena,tarrystoolorevenbloodystool.Additionally,therecouldbeassociatedsignsrangingfrommildposturaltachycardiaandunstablebloodpressuretoprofoundshock,dependingontheextentofbloodlossanddegreeofhypovolemia.Diagnosisisessentialaccordingtothefindingofendoscopicexaminationandwhetherthereisacirrhosishistory.Endoscopyisthebestapproachtoevaluateuppergastrointestinalhemorrhageinpatientswithknownorsuspectedportalhypertension.Inpatientswithknownliverdisease,thedevelopmentofportalhypertensionisusuallyrevealedbytheappearanceofsplenomegaly,ascites,hepaticencephalopathy,and/oresophagealvarices.Commonly,thefindingofanyofthesefeaturesshouldpromptevaluationforpossibleportalhypertensionandliverdisease.TreatmentTreatmentincludesnon-surgicalandsurgicalintervention.non-surgicalintervention:vasoconstrictors:liketerlipressinandsomatostatin.Acutetreatmentwiththesemedicationsmayhelpcontrolacutevaricealbleeding.balloontamponade:controlbleedingbycompresstheg