Neuroblastoma (NB) is a type of cancer that forms in certain types of nerve tissue. It most frequently starts from one of the adrenal glands but can also develop in ...NeuroblastomaFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchMedicalconditionNeuroblastomaMicroscopicviewofatypicalneuroblastomawithrosetteformationSpecialtyNeuro-oncologySymptomsBonepain,lumps[1]UsualonsetUnder5yearsold[1]CausesGeneticmutation[1]DiagnosticmethodTissuebiopsy[1]TreatmentObservation,surgery,radiation,chemotherapy,stemcelltransplantation[1]PrognosisUSfive-yearsurvival~95%(<1yearold),68%(1–14yearsold)[2]Frequency1in7,000children[2]Deaths15%ofdeathsduetocancerinchildren[3]Neuroblastoma(NB)isatypeofcancerthatformsincertaintypesofnervetissue.[1]Itmostfrequentlystartsfromoneoftheadrenalglandsbutcanalsodevelopintheneck,chest,abdomen,orspine.[1]Symptomsmayincludebonepain,alumpintheabdomen,neck,orchest,orapainlessbluishlumpundertheskin.[1]Typically,neuroblastomaoccursduetoageneticmutationoccurringduringearlydevelopment.[4]Rarely,itmaybeduetoamutationinheritedfromaperson'sparents.[1]Environmentalfactorshavenotbeenfoundtobeinvolved.[2]Diagnosisisbasedonatissuebiopsy.[1]Occasionally,itmaybefoundinababybyultrasoundduringpregnancy.[1]Atdiagnosis,thecancerhasusuallyalreadyspread.[1]Thecancerisdividedintolow-,intermediate-,andhigh-riskgroupsbasedonachild'sage,cancerstage,andwhatthecancerlookslike.[1]Treatmentandoutcomesdependsontheriskgroupapersonisin.[1][4]Treatmentsmayincludeobservation,surgery,radiation,chemotherapy,orstemcelltransplantation.[1]Low-riskdiseaseinbabiestypicallyhasagoodoutcomewithsurgeryorsimplyobservation.[4]Inhigh-riskdisease,chancesoflong-termsurvival,however,arelessthan40%,despiteaggressivetreatment.[4]Neuroblastomaisthemostcommoncancerinbabiesandthethird-mostcommoncancerinchildrenafterleukemiaandbraincancer.[4]Aboutoneinevery7,000childrenisaffectedatsometime.[2]About90%ofcasesoccurinchildrenlessthan5yearsold,anditisrareinadults.[2][3]Ofcancerdeathsinchildren,about15%