The story of polio | what caused polio
SkiptomaincontentResources&ServicesHistoryofPublicHealthleftnavCanadianJournalofPublicHealthBookstoreResourcesJobBoardAdvertisingOnlineCareerAdvertisingMediaKitPublicHealthEventsEventManagementServiceHistoryofPublicHealthThehistorye-book12greatachievementsVideogalleryPlainLanguageServiceBreadcrumbThestoryofpolioPoliocrippledtensofthousandsofCanadiansuntiltheSalkvaccinewasintroducedin1955.Polio(poliomyelitis)isaninfectiousdiseasecausedbyavirus.Poliocanstrikepeopleatanyagebutchildrenunderagefivearemostatrisk.Mrs.E.Marr,physiotherapist,withGifford,2½yrs.old,atthewalkingbarsinthepolioclinicattheSudburyGeneralHospital[Mar1953]Poliousedtobecalled"infantileparalysis"or"thecrippler"becausetheviruscanpermanentlydamagethenervecellsthatcontrolthemuscles.AlthoughthefirstpoliooutbreaksappearedinEuropeintheearly1800s,thefirstknownoutbreakinCanadaoccurredin1910.AlittlegirlwastakentoaHamilton,Ontariohospitalwithwhatwasthoughttoberabies.Shedied,anditwaslaterdiscoveredtobepolio.Atthattime,nooneknewifthediseasewascontagiousorwhatcouldbedonetopreventortreatit.Polioepidemicscontinued,usuallyinthesummerorfall,andbecamemoresevereandaffectedolderchildrenandyouth.Provincialpublichealthdepartmentstriedtoquarantinethesick,closedschools,andrestrictedchildrenfromtravellingorgoingtomovietheatres.Overtime,itbecameclearthatthesemeasuresdidnotpreventpolio'sspread.Mostprovincesalsoprovidedafree"convalescent"serumwhenpeoplebecameillfrompolio.Theserumwasmadefromblooddonatedbythosewhohadsurvivedapolioattack,althoughtherewasneverproofoftheserum'seffectiveness.In1930,Canada'sfirst"ironlung"wasbroughttoTheHospitalforSickChildreninTorontofromBoston.Thesehugemetalcylindersregulatethebreathingofpeoplewhosepolioattackedtheirrespiratorymuscles.Therewasarushtoassemblemoreironlungstohelpkeeppeoplealiveafterasevereoutbreakin1937.TheOntariogovernmentpaidtohave27ofthesedevicesassembledinasix-weekperiod.SomewomengavebirthwhileconfinedinanironlungandtheRoyalCanadianAirForcemadeemergencydeliveriesofthesedevicesacrosst
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