A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart. The extent of the opening may ...VentricularseptaldefectFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchMedicalconditionVentricularseptaldefectIllustrationshowingvariousformsofventricularseptaldefects.1.Conoventricular,malaligned2.Perimembranous3.Inlet4.MuscularSpecialtyCardiacsurgeryHeartsoundsofaventricularseptaldefectina14yearoldgirl.Aventricularseptaldefect(VSD)isadefectintheventricularseptum,thewalldividingtheleftandrightventriclesoftheheart.Theextentoftheopeningmayvaryfrompinsizetocompleteabsenceoftheventricularseptum,creatingonecommonventricle.Theventricularseptumconsistsofaninferiormuscularandsuperiormembranousportionandisextensivelyinnervatedwithconductingcardiomyocytes.Themembranousportion,whichisclosetotheatrioventricularnode,ismostcommonlyaffectedinadultsandolderchildrenintheUnitedStates.[1]Itisalsothetypethatwillmostcommonlyrequiresurgicalintervention,comprisingover80%ofcases.[2]Membranousventricularseptaldefectsaremorecommonthanmuscularventricularseptaldefects,andarethemostcommoncongenitalcardiacanomaly.[3]Contents1Signsandsymptoms2Cause3Pathophysiology4Diagnosis4.1Classification4.1.1Multiple4.1.2Type14.1.3Type24.1.4Type34.1.5Type44.1.6Type:Gerbode5Treatment5.1Transcatheterclosure5.2Surgery6Epidemiology7Seealso8References9ExternallinksSignsandsymptoms[edit]Ventricularseptaldefectisusuallysymptomlessatbirth.Itusuallymanifestsafewweeksafterbirth.[citationneeded]VSDisanacyanoticcongenitalheartdefect,akaaleft-to-rightshunt,sotherearenosignsofcyanosisintheearlystage.However,uncorrectedVSDcanincreasepulmonaryresistanceleadingtothereversaloftheshuntandcorrespondingcyanosis.[citationneeded]Pansystolic(Holosystolic)murmuralonglowerleftsternalborder(dependinguponthesizeofthedefect)+/-palpablethrill(palpableturbulenceofbloodflow).Heartsoundsarenormal.LargerVSDsmaycauseaparasternalheave,adisplacedapexbeat(thepalpablehe