The term arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) includes several families of viruses that are spread by arthropod vectors, most commonly mosquitoes, ticks, and sand ...NCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutJournalListHHSAuthorManuscriptsPMC5089063Continuum(MinneapMinn).Authormanuscript;availableinPMC2016Dec1.Publishedinfinaleditedformas:Continuum(MinneapMinn).2015Dec;21(6NEUROINFECTIOUSDISEASE):1599–1611.doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000240PMCID:PMC5089063NIHMSID:NIHMS824811PMID:26633778ArbovirusInfectionsJ.DavidBeckham,MDandKennethL.Tyler,MD,FAANAuthorinformationCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimerAddresscorrespondencetoDrJ.DavidBeckham,UniversityofColoradoSchoolofMedicine,DepartmentsofMedicineandNeurology,12700East19thAve,B168,Aurora,CO80045,[email protected]'sfinaleditedversionofthisarticleisavailableatContinuum(MinneapMinn)SeeotherarticlesinPMCthatcitethepublishedarticle.PurposeofReviewArbovirus(arthropod-bornevirus)infectionsareincreasinglyimportantcausesofneurologicdiseaseintheUnitedStatesthroughbothendemictransmissionandtravel-associatedinfections.ThisarticlereviewsthemajorarbovirusinfectionsthatcancauseneurologicdiseaselikelytobeencounteredintheUnitedStates.RecentFindingsWestNileviruscontinuestobeanimportantcauseofepidemicencephalitis,whileemergingarbovirusinfectionssuchasdengueandchikungunyahaverapidlyexpandedtheirgeographicdistribution.Asemergingarbovirusesexpandinnewgeographicregions,neurologicabnormalitiesarereportedinnewpatientpopulations.SummaryEmergingarbovirusinfectionsareincreasinglyimportantcausesofneurologicdiseasethroughouttheworldandintheUnitedStates.WhilenoUSFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)–approvedtherapyisyetavailablefortheseinfections,promptrecognitionanddiagnosisfromtheconsultingneurologistwillensureappropriatesupportivecareforthepatient.WiththespreadofWestNilevirusacrosstheUnitedStates,theevaluationofanacutefebrilepatientwithneurologicabnormalitiescommon