Endemic typhus symptoms can include rash that begins on the body trunk and spreads, high fever, nausea, malaise, diarrhea, and vomiting. Epidemic typhus ...TyphusCenterBacterialInfections101PicturesSlideshowTaketheTummyTroubleQuizHepatitisCSlideshowPicturesPatientComments:Typhus-CausesPatientComments:Typhus-SymptomsandSignsFindalocalDoctorinyourtownTyphusfactsWhatistyphus?Aretheredifferenttypesoftyphus?Whatisthehistoryoftyphus?Whatcausestyphus?Howdoestyphusspread?Whataretyphusriskfactors?Whataretyphussymptomsandsigns?Howdohealthcareprofessionalsdiagnosetyphus?Whatisthetreatmentfortyphus?Whatistheprognosisoftyphus?Isitpossibletopreventtyphus?Isthereatyphusvaccine?Wherecanpeoplegetmoreinformationabouttyphus?TyphusfactsTyphusisavector-bornebacterialdisease;therearetwotypestermedendemicandepidemic.Typhushasalonganddeadlyhistory,especiallyepidemictyphus.Bacteriacausestyphus.Rickettsiaprowazekiicausesepidemictyphus.Rickettsiatyphiand,occasionally,R.feliscauseendemictyphusandaretransmittedtohumansbyvectorssuchaslice(mainlyepidemic)andfleas(mainlyendemic).Riskfactorsincludevisitingorlivinginareaswhererats,mice,andotheranimalshavehighpopulations(forexample,disasterareas,poverty-strickenareas,refugeecamps,jails)wherevectorssuchasfleasandlicecancarrythebacteriafromtheanimalstoinfecthumans.Endemictyphussymptomscanincluderashthatbeginsonthebodytrunkandspreads,highfever,nausea,malaise,diarrhea,andvomiting.Epidemictyphushassimilarbutmoreseveresymptoms,includingbleedingintotheskin,delirium,hypotension,anddeath.Typhusisdiagnosedbypatienthistory,physicalexam,andseveraltests(PCR,histologicalstaining)basedonimmunologicaltechniques.MedicalprofessionalsmayneedtoperformsometestsinstateorCDClabs.Antibiotics(forexample,azithromycin[Zithromax,Zmax],doxycycline[Vibramycin,Oracea,Adoxa,Atridox],tetracycline[Sumycin],orchloramphenicol)areusedtotreatendemicandepidemictyphus.Theprognosisforendemictyphusisusuallygoodtoexcellent,buttheepidemictyphusprognosiscanrangefromgood,withearlyeffectivetreatm