ResultsArticleAuthorsMetricsCommentsMediaCoverageReaderComments(0)FiguresFiguresAbstractScrubtyphusisamajorcauseofmorbidityandmortalityinSoutheastAsia.Diagnosisofscrubtyphusisdifficultduetoalackofaccessiblevalidateddiagnostictools.Despiteitsobjectivity,thediagnosticaccuracyofELISAtestsisinfluencedbymethodologicalandpatientfactors.Thisstudyaimstoevaluatetheperformanceofanovelin-houseELISAdevelopedintheMahidolOxfordTropicalMedicineResearchUnit(MORU)foranti-scrubtyphusgroupIgMandIgGcomparedtothe“goldstandard”referenceIFAandPCR,andtodeterminewhetherthein-houseELISAcanbeusedasaseroepidemiologicalscreeningtooland/orstand-alonetestforscrubtyphus.Atotalof1,976admissionand1,438participantfollow-upseracollectedintheLaoPDR(Laos)weretestedwithELISAforIgMandIgG.SampleswithanELISAOD≥0.50weretestedwithIFAforIgMand/orIgG.AstrongpositiverelationshipwaspresentbetweenELISAODsandIFAtitersforadmissionIgM(r2:0.70,p<0.005)andIgG(r2:0.76,p<0.005),andforfollow-upIgMandIgG(bothr2:0.76,p<0.005)samples.ThebestcompromisebetweensensitivityandspecificityfortheELISAODcut-offislikelytobebetween0.8–1.0forIgMantibodiesand1.2–1.8forIgGantibodies.TheseresultsdemonstratethatthediagnosticaccuracyoftheMORUin-housescrubtyphusgroupELISAiscomparabletothatofIFA,withsimilarresultsasreportedforthecommonlyusedInBiosScrubTyphusDetectELISA,validatingtheuseofthein-houseELISA.TheoptimalELISAcut-offwoulddependontheuseofthetest,andthedesiredsensitivityandspecificity.Furtherstudiesarerequiredtoauthenticatetheuseofthesecut-offsinotherendemicregions.Thisin-houseELISAhasthepotentialtoreplacetheimperfectIFA,whichcouldultimatelyreducetheburdenofscrubtyphusbyimprovingtherateofscrubtyphusdiagnosesinendemiclow-resourceareas.AuthorsummaryScrubtyphusisamite-borneinfectiousdisease,causedbytheOrientiatsutsugamushibacterium,resultinginconsiderablemorbidityandmortalityintheAsia-Pacificregion.Diagnosisisdifficultsinceitdoesnotpresentwithanydistinctiveclinicalsignscomparedtootherfebrileillnessesinthisregion,exceptforanecroticskinlesio

Methods: Adult patients previously confirmed to have scrub typhus by IgM ELISA, positive PCR, or both, were included in this cross-sectional study.Renderingfailed!/usr/src/app/styleguide-templates/maint-210614-fca05d01marlin/ui-products/marlin/sourceJs/_settings.ejs:4038|39|>>40|>41|42|>43|lazyload__cssisnotdefinedc=css-selected-lastin-head,p=marlin,v=maint-210614-fca05d01marlinThissiterequiresCookiestobeenabledtofunction.PleaseensureCookiesareturnedonandthenre-visitthedesiredpage.

ResultsNCBISkiptomaincontentSkiptonavigationResourcesHowToAboutNCBIAccesskeysMyNCBISignintoNCBISignOutTryoutPMCLabsandtelluswhatyouthink.LearnMore.JournalListElsevierSponsoredDocumentsPMC5985369SponsoredDocumentfromInternationalJournalofInfectiousDiseasesIntJInfectDis.2018Jun;71:53–55.doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.03.018PMCID:PMC5985369PMID:29653201KineticsofIgMandIgGantibodiesafterscrubtyphusinfectionandtheclinicalimplicationsGeorgeM.Varghese,⁎VeeraManikandanRajagopal,PaulTrowbridge,DivyaPurushothaman,andSherryJosephMartinAuthorinformationArticlenotesCopyrightandLicenseinformationDisclaimerDepartmentofInfectiousDiseases,ChristianMedicalCollege,Vellore632004,TamilNadu,IndiaGeorgeM.Varghese:moc.liamtoh@esehgravmegroeg⁎Correspondingauthor.moc.liamtoh@esehgravmegroegReceived2017Nov18;Revised2018Mar23;Accepted2018Mar30.Copyright©2018TheAuthor(s)ThisisanopenaccessarticleundertheCCBYlicense(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).ThisarticlehasbeencitedbyotherarticlesinPMC.ObjectivesTheserologicaldetectionofIgMantibodiesisthemostwidelyusedtesttodiagnosescrubtyphusinfection.However,thekineticsofIgMandIgGantibodiespost-infectionremainelusive,whichcouldcontributetofalsepositivity.Theobjectiveofthisstudywastodocumentthenatureoftheevolutionoftheseantibodytitresafterinfection.MethodsAdultpatientspreviouslyconfirmedtohavescrubtyphusbyIgMELISA,positivePCR,orboth,wereincludedinthiscross-sectionalstudy.ThelevelsofIgMandIgGantibodiesinserumsamplesweretestedusinganELISAandthedistributioncurvewasplotted.ResultsTwohundredandthreepatientswereincludedinthisstudy.Post-infectionserumsamplingwasdonebetween1monthand46monthsafterdocumentedinfection.IgMlevelsdeclinedgraduallybutremainedelevatedabovethediagnosticcut-offforupto12monthspost-infection.However,IgGlevelscontinuedtorisereachingapeakat10months,followedbyagradualdeclineoverseveralmonths.Inthemajorityofcases,theIgGlevelsremainedabovethecut-offthresholdformorethan36months.ConclusionsCliniciansneedtobecautiousinusingasingleserumsamplefort

SARS-CoV-2ProductHubCloseHomeScrubtyphusHumanScrubTyphusIgMELISAkitHumanScrubTyphusIgMELISAkit(DEIABL75)Regulatorystatus:Forresearchuseonly,notforuseindiagnosticprocedures.WriteareviewDatasheetCOASDSOnlineInquiryAddtoBasketSummaryDocumentationReferencesSize96TSampleserumSpeciesReactivityHumanIntendedUseTheScrubTyphusDetectIgMELISAtestisanELISAassaysystemforthedetectionofIgMantibodiesinhumanserumtoOrientiatsutsugamushi(OT;formerlyRickettsia)derivedrecombinantantigen(1-10).ThistestistoaidinthediagnosisofhumanexposuretoOTspecies.Itisnotintendedtoscreenbloodorbloodcomponents.Forresearchuseonly.ContentsofKit1.ScrubTyphusELISAPlate2.SampleDilutionBufferforScrubTyphus3.ScrubTyphusIgMPositiveControl4.ScrubTyphusNegativeControl5.ReadytoUseEnzymeConjugate-HRPforScrubTyphusIgM6.10XWashBuffer7.WashSolution8.LiquidTMBSubstrate9.StopSolutionStorageStableat2-8°Cuntiltheexpirationdate.PerformanceCharacteristicsSerumandPlasmaComparisons:Theassaydescribedherehasbeenoptimizedwithserum.Careshouldbetakenonthequalityofsample.Particulate,lipemic,andagedsamplesshouldnotbeused.Useoffreshlydrawnsampleispreferred.Specificityandsensitivity:Detailspecificityandsensitivityhavebeennotbeenestablished.Limitedstudieshavebeenperformed.EnsuringAssayPerformance:Theresultsonthetablebelowmustbeobtainedusingprovidedpositiveandnegativecontroltocalculatediscriminationcapacityoftheassay:Non-fulfillmentofthesecriteriaisanindicationofdeteriorationofreagentsoranerrorinthetestprocedureandtheassaymustberepeated.GeneralDescriptionScrubTyphusisaninfectiousdiseasethatiscausedbyOrientiatsutsugamushi(formerlyRickettsia),atinyparasiteaboutthesizeofbacteriathatbelongstothefamilyRickettsiaceae.Abitefromthelarvaltrombiculidmite,aparasiteofrodents,willtransmitthedisease.Anulceroftheskinischaracteristicofabitefromatrombiculidmite,followedbysymptomsincludingfever,aspottedrashonthetorso,andswellingofthelymphglands.Scrubtyphusgenerallyoccursafterexposuretoareaswithsecondary(scrub)vegetation,whichiswhereitsnameisderivedfrom.How

SkiptomaincontentAdvertisementSearchallBMCarticlesSearchDownloadPDFResearcharticleOpenAccessPublished:13February2020DiagnosticevaluationofIgMELISAandIgMImmunofluorescenceassayforthediagnosisofAcuteScrubTyphusincentralNepalRajendraGautam1,KeshabParajuli1,TshokeyTshokey2,JohnStenos2&JeevanBahadurSherchand1 BMCInfectiousDiseasesvolume 20,Article number: 138(2020)Citethisarticle2934Accesses5CitationsMetricsdetailsAbstractBackgroundScrubtyphusisanacutefebrileillnesscausedbytheobligateintracellularbacterium,Orientiatsutsugamushi.Immunochromatography(ICT)andIgMELISAaretwooftheroutinelyemployedantibodybasedassaysfordiagnosisofScrubtyphusfeverinNepal,althoughtherecommendedgoldstandarddiagnostictestisIgMImmunofluorescenceassay(IFA).ThisstudyevaluatedInBiosScrubTyphusDetect™ImmunoglobulinM(IgM)ELISAandIgMImmunofluorescenceassaysinsingleserumsampleatthetimeofadmission.MethodStudyparticipants(1585suspectedcases),wereenrolledbasedonacutefebrileillnesswithsuspectedscrubtyphuscasesincentralNepal.Bloodsamplewascollectedfromthesuspectedpatientsofscrubtyphus,presentingwithacutefebrileillness.IgMantibodytoOrientiatsusugamushiwasdetectedbyusingScrubTyphusDetect™Kitandanin-houseIgMIFA.TheIFAassaywasperformedwiththeGilliam,Karp,KatostrainsandO.chutoantigensfollowingtheARRLprotocol.ResultStatisticalanalysisofIgMELISAresultswhencomparedtoreferencetest,IgMIFAresultsdemonstratedthefollowingcharacteristics,sensitivity84.0%(95%CI:79.73–87.68%),specificity94.82%(95%CI:93.43–95.99%),positivelikelihoodratio16.21%(95%CI:12.71–20.67%),negativelikelihoodratio0.17%(95%CI:0.13–0.21%),diseaseprevalence22.08%(95%CI:20.06-24.21%),positivepredictivevalue82.12%(95%CI:78.28–85.42%)andnegativepredictivevalue95.44%(95%CI:94.27–96.38%)respectively.ConclusionAlthoughIgMIFAisconsideredthegoldstandardtestforthediagnosisofscrubtyphuscases,itisrelativelyexpensive,requirestrainedpersonalandamicroscopewithfluorescencefilters.ScrubtyphusIgMELISAmaybethebestalternativetestandpossibleviableoptionforresourcelimitedendemic

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