The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), formally called Human gammaherpesvirus 4, is one of the nine known human herpesvirus types in the herpes family, and is one of ...Epstein–BarrvirusFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchVirusoftheherpesfamilyHumangammaherpesvirus4ElectronmicrographoftwoEpstein–Barrvirions(viralparticles)showingroundcapsidslooselysurroundedbythemembraneenvelopeVirusclassification(unranked):VirusRealm:DuplodnaviriaKingdom:HeunggongviraePhylum:PeploviricotaClass:HerviviricetesOrder:HerpesviralesFamily:HerpesviridaeGenus:LymphocryptovirusSpecies:Humangammaherpesvirus4Synonyms[1]Epstein-BarrvirusHumanherpesvirus4HHV-4EBVTheEpstein–Barrvirus(EBV),formallycalledHumangammaherpesvirus4,isoneofthenineknownhumanherpesvirustypesintheherpesfamily,andisoneofthemostcommonvirusesinhumans.EBVisadouble-strandedDNAvirus.[2]Itisbestknownasthecauseofinfectiousmononucleosis("mono"or"glandularfever").Itisalsoassociatedwithvariousnon-malignant,premalignant,andmalignantEpstein–Barrvirus-associatedlymphoproliferativediseasessuchasBurkittlymphoma,hemophagocyticlymphohistiocytosis,[3]andHodgkin'slymphoma;non-lymphoidmalignanciessuchasgastriccancerandnasopharyngealcarcinoma;andconditionsassociatedwithhumanimmunodeficiencyvirussuchashairyleukoplakiaandcentralnervoussystemlymphomas.[4][5]ThevirusisalsoassociatedwiththechildhooddisordersofAliceinWonderlandsyndrome[6]andacutecerebellarataxia[7]and,basedonsomeevidence,higherrisksofdevelopingcertainautoimmunediseases,[8]especiallydermatomyositis,systemiclupuserythematosus,rheumatoidarthritis,Sjögren'ssyndrome,[9][10]andmultiplesclerosis.[11][12][13]About200,000cancercasesperyeararethoughttobeattributabletoEBV.[14][15]InfectionwithEBVoccursbytheoraltransferofsaliva[16]andgenitalsecretions.MostpeoplebecomeinfectedwithEBVandgainadaptiveimmunity.IntheUnitedStates,abouthalfofallfive-year-oldchildrenandabout90%ofadultshaveevidenceofpreviousinfection.[17]InfantsbecomesusceptibletoEBVassoonasmaternalantibodyprotectiondisapp