Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently ...HypertensionFromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopediaJumptonavigationJumptosearchThisarticleisaboutarterialhypertension.Forotherformsofhypertension,seeHypertension(disambiguation).LongtermhighbloodpressureinthearteriesHypertensionOthernamesArterialhypertension,highbloodpressureAutomatedarmbloodpressuremetershowingarterialhypertension(shownbyasystolicbloodpressure158 mmHg,diastolicbloodpressure99 mmHgandheartrateof80beatsperminute)SpecialtyCardiologySymptomsNone[1]ComplicationsCoronaryarterydisease,stroke,heartfailure,peripheralarterialdisease,visionloss,chronickidneydisease,dementia[2][3][4]CausesUsuallylifestyleandgeneticfactors[5][6]RiskfactorsExcesssalt,excessbodyweight,smoking,alcohol[1][5]DiagnosticmethodRestingbloodpressure 130/80or140/90 mmHg[5][7]TreatmentLifestylechanges,medications[8]Frequency16–37%globally[5]Deaths9.4million/18%(2010)[9]Hypertension(HTNorHT),alsoknownashighbloodpressure(HBP),isalong-termmedicalconditioninwhichthebloodpressureinthearteriesispersistentlyelevated.[10]Highbloodpressuretypicallydoesnotcausesymptoms.[1]Long-termhighbloodpressure,however,isamajorriskfactorforcoronaryarterydisease,stroke,heartfailure,atrialfibrillation,peripheralarterialdisease,visionloss,chronickidneydisease,anddementia.[2][3][4][11]Highbloodpressureisclassifiedasprimary(essential)hypertensionorsecondaryhypertension.[5]About90–95%ofcasesareprimary,definedashighbloodpressureduetononspecificlifestyleandgeneticfactors.[5][6]Lifestylefactorsthatincreasetheriskincludeexcesssaltinthediet,excessbodyweight,smoking,andalcoholuse.[1][5]Theremaining5–10%ofcasesarecategorizedassecondaryhighbloodpressure,definedashighbloodpressureduetoanidentifiablecause,suchaschronickidneydisease,narrowingofthekidneyarteries,anendocrinedisorder,ortheuseofbirthcontrolpills.[5]Bloodpressureisclassifiedbytwomeasurements,thesystolicanddiastol