Acute Renal failure 急性腎衰竭(英文). 2019/12/23. Definition. Acute Renal Injury is the rapid decline of renal function in a short period. Etiology. Blood loss due to ...HygieneEducationHealthEducationHomeHygieneEducationAcuteRenalfailure急性腎衰竭(英文)HygieneEducationHealthEducationAcuteRenalfailure急性腎衰竭(英文)文章分享Home分享至FaceBook分享至LineQrcode列印下載A-A+AcuteRenalfailure急性腎衰竭(英文)2019/12/23DefinitionAcuteRenalInjuryistherapiddeclineofrenalfunctioninashortperiod.EtiologyBloodlossduetobleeding,burn,orsurgeryHeartfailureShockSeveretransfusionreactions,hemolysisMalignanthypertensionPyelonephritis,sepsisNephrotoxinsAcutenephritisUrinarytractobstructionClinicalstagesOliguriaphase:Decreasedurineoutput(lessthan400ml/day)occursandmaypersistfor1-4weeks.Itisnotpresentinallcasesofacuterenalinjury.Diureticphase:Duetosomerecoveryofrenalfunctioninthisphase,dailyurineoutputincreases.Thevolumeisabout1-2L/dayorevenupto4-5L/day.Thisphasemaypersistsfor1to2weeks.Recoveryphase:Renalfunctionrecoversgraduallyandreturnstonormalafter3-12months.Mildtomoderatedamageduetoacuterenalinjurymaypersist.SymptomsAcuterenalinjurymaybeasymptomatic,butsomepatientsmaysufferfromworseningedema,decreasedurineoutput,nausea,vomiting,fatigue,hypertension,dyspnea,lethargy,headache,irritability,agitation,orevencoma.TreatmentThetreatmentstrategyincludeabstinencefromtakingnephrotoxicdrugsandfoods,reliefofurinarytractobstruction,adequatefluidsupply,controlofbloodpressure,maintainadequaterenalperfusion,appropriatetimingofrenalreplacementtherapyanddietcontrol.Thepivotalthingistoidentifyandresolvetheetiologyofacuterenalinjury. Therenalfunctionofmajoritycasesofacuterenalinjurycanberecoveredwithappropriatesupportivecareandresolutionofdiseaseetiology.However,inseverecases,thepatientmightbedialysisdependent.Therearetwomodesofrenalreplacementtherapy.Hemodialysis: byusingtemporaryvascularaccessanddialysismachine,doctorscanremovethetoxinsandregulatefluidsandelectrolytesofpatient’sbody,inordertomaintainthenormalphysiologiccondition. Peritonealdia