The emergence and rapid spread of New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains has caused a great ...SkiptomaincontentThankyouforvisitingnature.com.YouareusingabrowserversionwithlimitedsupportforCSS.Toobtainthebestexperience,werecommendyouuseamoreuptodatebrowser(orturnoffcompatibilitymodeinInternetExplorer).Inthemeantime,toensurecontinuedsupport,wearedisplayingthesitewithoutstylesandJavaScript.AdvertisementnaturescientificreportsarticlesarticleGenomicandtranscriptomicanalysisofNDM-1KlebsiellapneumoniaeinspaceflightrevealmechanismsunderlyingenvironmentaladaptabilityDownloadPDFSubjectsBacterialgenomicsPathogensAbstractTheemergenceandrapidspreadofNewDelhiMetallo-beta-lactamase-1(NDM-1)-producingKlebsiellapneumoniaestrainshascausedagreatconcernworldwide.Tobetterunderstandthemechanismsunderlyingenvironmentaladaptationofthosehighlydrug-resistantK.pneumoniaestrains,wetookadvantageoftheChina'sShenzhou10spacecraftmissiontoconductcomparativegenomicandtranscriptomicanalysisofaNDM-1K.pneumoniaestrain(ATCCBAA-2146)beingcultivatedunderdifferentconditions.Thesampleswererecoveredfromsemisolidmediumplacedontheground(Dstrain),insimulatedspacecondition(Mstrain),orinShenzhou10spacecraft(Tstrain)foranalysis.Ourdatarevealedmultiplevariationsunderlyingpathogenadaptationintodifferentenvironmentsintermsofchangesinmorphology,H2O2toleranceandbiofilmformationability,genomicstabilityandregulationofmetabolicpathways.Additionally,wefoundafewnon-codingRNAstobedifferentiallyregulated.Theresultsarehelpfulforbetterunderstandingtheadaptivemechanismsofdrug-resistantbacterialpathogens.DownloadPDFIntroductionKlebsiellapneumoniaeisahighlyimportantbacterialpathogenthatcausesawiderangeofcommunity-andhospital-acquiredinfections,suchaspneumonia,urinarytractinfections,intra-abdominalinfectionsandrespiratorytractinfections1,2.Theemergenceandrapidspreadofcarbapenem-resistantK.pneumoniaeisolatessuchastheNewDelhiMetallo-beta-lactamase-1(NDM-1)-producingstrainshascausedgreatcon